Publication: Recuperación de hidrógeno de mezclas gaseosas mediante un proceso PSA
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2018-09-07
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El presente trabajo se ha realizado en el grupo de investigación de Catálisis y Procesos de Separación (CyPS) del Departamento de Ingeniería Química perteneciente a la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. La investigación llevada a cabo durante la realización de esta tesis doctoral está enmarcada en el campo de la purificación de hidrógeno procedente de mezclas gaseosas mediante un proceso cíclico de PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption). El estudio se ha centrado en mezclas en las que el H2 es el compuesto mayoritario y cuyas principales impurezas son CH4, CO y CO2. El hidrógeno es un compuesto que tiene una gran cantidad de aplicaciones en el campo de la industria y la tecnología. Se emplea en una enorme cantidad de procesos diferentes en el sector petroquímico, donde el hidrógeno juega un papel esencial en el reformado de moléculas diferentes procedentes del petróleo. El reformado cumple una serie de objetivos como mejorar el rendimiento de productos destinados al consumo (gasolinas, diésel), o la eliminación de grupos o átomos en la molécula, altamente nocivos para el medio ambiente (hidrodesulfuración, hidrodesnitrogenación)...
This PhD work has been done in the CyPS group (Catalysis and Separation Processes Group). This group belongs to the Chemical Engineering Department at the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Complutense University of Madrid. It is based on a research study in the field of hydrogen purification by cyclic PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) processes. The study has focused on mixtures in which hydrogen is the main compound, with methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as its main impurities.Today, natural gas present in oilfields provides our main source of hydrogen. The process by which hydrogen is obtained is called SMR (Steam Methane Reforming). This process involves the catalytic oxidation of methane through water vapour. This gives rise to a gas mixture that contains mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide, as well as unreacted methane, and carbon monoxide. The purification of the hydrogen obtained is due to the need for a product of high purity, be it for commercialisation or for other reasons, such as the importance of reducing the concentration of CO at the ppm concentration level, since this can be a poison to catalysts in some cases.The most commonly used purification process for the recovery of hydrogen from the mixture that is obtained after SMR is the PSA process, which is a separation operation based on adsorption. The PSA cycle consists in the purification of hydrogen from the mixture, retaining the impurities that accompany it in a bed of adsorbent particles. The key to the process lies in the influence of pressure on adsorption...
This PhD work has been done in the CyPS group (Catalysis and Separation Processes Group). This group belongs to the Chemical Engineering Department at the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Complutense University of Madrid. It is based on a research study in the field of hydrogen purification by cyclic PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) processes. The study has focused on mixtures in which hydrogen is the main compound, with methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as its main impurities.Today, natural gas present in oilfields provides our main source of hydrogen. The process by which hydrogen is obtained is called SMR (Steam Methane Reforming). This process involves the catalytic oxidation of methane through water vapour. This gives rise to a gas mixture that contains mainly hydrogen and carbon dioxide, as well as unreacted methane, and carbon monoxide. The purification of the hydrogen obtained is due to the need for a product of high purity, be it for commercialisation or for other reasons, such as the importance of reducing the concentration of CO at the ppm concentration level, since this can be a poison to catalysts in some cases.The most commonly used purification process for the recovery of hydrogen from the mixture that is obtained after SMR is the PSA process, which is a separation operation based on adsorption. The PSA cycle consists in the purification of hydrogen from the mixture, retaining the impurities that accompany it in a bed of adsorbent particles. The key to the process lies in the influence of pressure on adsorption...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, leída el 03/07/2017