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Implementation and validation of ultra-fast dosimetric tools for IORT

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2018-11-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) is a special modality for cancer treatment that delivers a single high dose of radiation directly to the exposed tumor bed during the tumor resection surgery. One of the main limitations in IORT lies in the difficulties that the planning process entails, which limits the use of this technique, and a treatment planning has not been available in IORT up to now. Recently, a new tool has been introduced: radiance, the first Treatment Planning System (TPS) specifically designed for IORT. The main goal of this thesis has been the development, implementation and evaluation of a dosimetric tool capable of providing a realistic dose distribution from any intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) dedicated accelerator or Intrabeam applicator that can be used for dose treatment planning in the operating room (OR) during an IORT treatment. This dosimetric tool has been separated in three phases. First, a database of monoenergetic phase space (PHSP) files and depth dose profiles (DDPs) in water was computed with penEasy from detailed simulations of each IOERT accelerator and Intrabeam applicator. Then, the energy spectrum of these monoenergetic simulations was tuned for each device using simple experimental DDPs provided by the manufacturer to the user, obtaining an optimized PHSP file that reproduces the user's data. Finally, dose was calculated from this optimized PHSP file with an accelerated version of DPM in the case of electrons, or with the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) code we have developed, in the case of the Intrabeam. The tools described in this thesis have been proven to be fast and accurate enough to be used as a TPS for any IORT device. They have been incorporated into radiance as the dose calculation algorithms of the TPS.
La radioterapia intraoperatoria (IORT) es una modalidad de tratamiento que consiste en irradiar directamente el lecho tumoral expuesto durante la cirugía con una dosis única y localizada [Palta et al., 1995, Beddar et al., 2006, Calvo et al., 1993, 2013, Lamanna et al., 2012]. A pesar de las ventajas que ofrece esta técnica, hasta hace poco la IORT carecía de las herramientas de plani cación y dosimetría que se emplean regularmente en radioterapia externa. Para remediar esta carencia, se creó radiance R , el primer plani cador de tratamientos para IORT [Pascau et al., 2012, Valdivieso-Casique et al., 2015]. El principal objetivo de esta tesis ha sido el desarrollo, implementación y validación de una herramienta de cálculo de dosis capaz de proporcionar una dosis realista de cualquier acelerador dedicado de IORT con electrones o con el sistema IntrabeamR que pueda ser usada para plani car el tratamiento dentro del quirófano durante una intervención de IORT. Esta herramienta dosimétrica se ha separado en tres fases. Primero, se ha generado una base de datos con penEasy [Sempau et al., 2011, Badal Soler et al., 2008] a partir de simulaciones detalladas de aceleradores de electrones y aplicadores de IntrabeamR , compuesta por espacios de fase (PHSP) monoenergéticos y per les de dosis en profundidad (DDPs) en agua. Después, con un proceso de ajuste en el que necesitamos únicamente la DDP experimental de cada máquina, obtenemos un PHSP optimizado que reproduce la dosis experimental. Finalmente, la dosis se calcula a partir de este PHSP, bien con una versión acelerada de DPM [Sempau et al., 2000] en el caso de trabajar con electrones, o bien con el Monte Carlo Híbrido (HMC) que hemos desarrollado [Vidal et al., 2014b,a, Udías et al., 2017b] para el IntrabeamR...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, leída el 09-06-2017
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