Publication: Optimización de la digestión anaerobia de microrganismos fotosintéticos: pretratamiento térmico y uso de cianobacterias
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2018-09-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Debido al precio creciente del petróleo y a la importancia de la independencia energética, la obtención de biocombustibles sostenibles es una de las prioridades de las políticas energéticas de los países desarrollados. Los principales biocarburantes, atendiendo a su desarrollo comercial, son el bioetanol y el biodiesel, aunque el biogás está adquiriendo un creciente interés. El biogás es producido por fermentación anaerobia de la materia orgánica. El empleo de microorganismos fotosintéticos (microalgas y cianobacterias) como sustrato para la digestión anaerobia se vislumbra como una opción interesante debido a las múltiples ventajas que plantea su uso. Entre ellas, cabe destacar su contribución a la mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero (debido al consumo de CO2 durante la fotosíntesis), no compiten por el uso de tierras de cultivo y pueden cultivarse en aguas residuales. Sin embargo, la utilización de microalgas como sustrato presenta una limitación derivada de la baja biodegradabilidad de sus paredes celulares. Estas paredes son estructuras semi-rígidas que impiden la acción de las bacterias hidrolíticas en el proceso de digestión anaerobia. Para aumentar su biodegradabilidad es necesaria una fase de pretratamiento que facilite la ruptura de la pared celular, haciendo la materia orgánica accesible al ataque bacteriano. A diferencia de las microalgas, en las cianobacterias la pared celular está compuesta de peptidoglicano y es menos recalcitrante a la degradación, facilitando el proceso de digestión. Esta Tesis tiene como objetivo el estudio de microalgas y cianobacterias como sustratos para la producción de biogás mediante digestión anaerobia...
Due to the gradual increase of petrol prices and the importance of the energetic independency, research and development on sustainable biofuels are in the spotlight of energetic policies in developed countries. Attending to commercial development, bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the main biofuels, although there is an increasing interest on biogas. Biogas is produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic matter. The interest of using photosynthetic microorganisms such as microalgae and cyanobacteria as biogas feedstock has increased, due to their multiple advantages. It is worth mentioning their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (as they consume CO2 by photosynthesis), they do not compete for farmlands and they can be grown in wastewater effluents. However, microalgae as biogas feedstock present a drawback derived from the presence of a cell wall which diminish their biodegradability. The cell wall is a semi-rigid structure which hampers the hydrolytic bacteria accessibility to organic matter in the anaerobic digestion process. In order to increase the biodegradability, it is necessary to establish a pretreatment step, which disrupts the cell wall and thus enabling the access to organic matter and bacterial attack. Opposite to microalgae, cyanobacteria present a different cell wall, which is composed of a peptidoglycan layer which is less recalcitrant against biodegradation, thus facilitating the anaerobic digestion process. This Thesis aims the research of microalgae and cyanobacterial biomass as anaerobic digestion feedstock for biogas production...
Due to the gradual increase of petrol prices and the importance of the energetic independency, research and development on sustainable biofuels are in the spotlight of energetic policies in developed countries. Attending to commercial development, bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the main biofuels, although there is an increasing interest on biogas. Biogas is produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic matter. The interest of using photosynthetic microorganisms such as microalgae and cyanobacteria as biogas feedstock has increased, due to their multiple advantages. It is worth mentioning their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (as they consume CO2 by photosynthesis), they do not compete for farmlands and they can be grown in wastewater effluents. However, microalgae as biogas feedstock present a drawback derived from the presence of a cell wall which diminish their biodegradability. The cell wall is a semi-rigid structure which hampers the hydrolytic bacteria accessibility to organic matter in the anaerobic digestion process. In order to increase the biodegradability, it is necessary to establish a pretreatment step, which disrupts the cell wall and thus enabling the access to organic matter and bacterial attack. Opposite to microalgae, cyanobacteria present a different cell wall, which is composed of a peptidoglycan layer which is less recalcitrant against biodegradation, thus facilitating the anaerobic digestion process. This Thesis aims the research of microalgae and cyanobacterial biomass as anaerobic digestion feedstock for biogas production...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología III, leída el 3 de Julio de 2017