Publication: Recambio, continuidad y cambio: alineamientos electorales en España 2011-2015
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2018-10-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El sistema de partidos español ha experimentado diferentes variaciones en el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre las doce elecciones generales celebradas en nuestro país desde las de 1977 —llevadas a cabo tras la restauración de la democracia después de la larga dictadura franquista— a las de 2015. Así, en una primera etapa, en la que se incluyen las dos primeras elecciones — las constituyentes de 1977 y las celebradas dos años después,en 1979—, el sistema de partidos emergente ha sido caracterizado bien como un pluripartidismo limitado y moderadamente polarizado y fragmentado por la presencia tanto de otros dos partidos de ámbito nacional como de diferentes minorías nacionalistas,mientras otros autores lo incluyeron dentro del modelo bipartidista por la presencia dedos grandes partidos con posibilidades de alternancia en el poder. En todo caso, en ambas definiciones, la competición electoral quedaba circunscrita a solo dos partidos con capacidad de formar gobierno: UCD (Unión de Centro Democrático) y PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español). En la segunda fase —que se inicia con las elecciones de 1982y perdura hasta las elecciones de 1989— el sistema de partidos se transforma en hegemónico teniendo al PSOE como protagonista: los socialistas encadenan tres mayorías absolutas consecutivas sin ningún partido con posibilidades políticas reales de disputarle el Gobierno. La tercera fase comprende los comicios generales de 1993 y 1996. En estas elecciones, se vuelve a las mayorías minoritarias de las dos elecciones de finales de los setenta pero esta vez de la mano de un pacto de legislatura entre el PSOE y CiU(Convergència i Unió)...
The Spanish Political Party System has gone through different variations in the periodencompassing twelve general elections from 1977 —when democracy was restored after40 years under Franco´s dictatorship— to 2015. In a first stage, including the first twoelectoral contests —the Constituent Assembly elections and the 1979 general election—the party system has been depicted either as moderately polarized limited multipartism(fragmented because of the co-existence national and regional parties), or alternatively,as a two-party system where two large parties alternate in office. Under any of thesedefinitions, electoral competition centered around two main parties endowed withgoverning capacity: UCD (Democratic Center Union) and PSOE (Spanish SocialistWorkers Party). In a second stage —starting with the 1982 elections until the 1989 vote—the party system becomes hegemonic under the electoral and parliamentary dominanceof PSOE. In this period the Socialisty party won three consecutive elections by alandslide, without any real chances of victory for contenders. The third stage encompassesthe general elections of 1993 and 1996, where a return to majority minorities, similar topolitical agreements forged during the 70´s, takes place supported by a legislation pactbetween PSOE and CiU (Convergence and Union). The Spanish Party System returns toa non-polarized limited multi-party system or, in other words, an imperfect two-partysystem where PSOE and PP (Popular Party) stand out as main players...
The Spanish Political Party System has gone through different variations in the periodencompassing twelve general elections from 1977 —when democracy was restored after40 years under Franco´s dictatorship— to 2015. In a first stage, including the first twoelectoral contests —the Constituent Assembly elections and the 1979 general election—the party system has been depicted either as moderately polarized limited multipartism(fragmented because of the co-existence national and regional parties), or alternatively,as a two-party system where two large parties alternate in office. Under any of thesedefinitions, electoral competition centered around two main parties endowed withgoverning capacity: UCD (Democratic Center Union) and PSOE (Spanish SocialistWorkers Party). In a second stage —starting with the 1982 elections until the 1989 vote—the party system becomes hegemonic under the electoral and parliamentary dominanceof PSOE. In this period the Socialisty party won three consecutive elections by alandslide, without any real chances of victory for contenders. The third stage encompassesthe general elections of 1993 and 1996, where a return to majority minorities, similar topolitical agreements forged during the 70´s, takes place supported by a legislation pactbetween PSOE and CiU (Convergence and Union). The Spanish Party System returns toa non-polarized limited multi-party system or, in other words, an imperfect two-partysystem where PSOE and PP (Popular Party) stand out as main players...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 06-04-2017