Publication: Hidrólisis enzimática de materiales lignocelulósicos
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2019-02-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El desarrollo de la biorrefinería como modelo de producción análogo a las refinerías se ha visto favorecido tanto por las políticas ambientales adoptadas por los distintos organismos, tanto nacionales como plurinacionales, como por la previsible escasez futura de los combustibles fósiles y de las materias primas no renovables. La biorrefinería se define en la actualidad como la forma de producción basada en la biomasa que persigue obtener tanto productos químicos, finales o intermedios, como energía y alimentos a través de procesos ambientalmente sostenibles.Existen diversos tipos de biorrefinerías, tanto en función de los procesos que llevan a cabo, y los productos que ponen en el mercado, como del tipo de biomasa que emplean como materia prima. Dentro de las biorrefinerías que se están desarrollando en la actualidad, destacan aquellas que emplean biomasa lignocelulósica como materia prima. Esta biomasa se compone, fundamentalmente, de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina. Asimismo, cada uno de estos polímeros naturales puede ser procesado y separado en sus componentes fundamentales, que se pueden emplear como materias primas o productos intermedios en otros procesos..
Biorefineries development as production model kindred to the traditional refineries has been favoured by the different environmental policies adopted by different national and supranational organisms, and also by the scarcity of the fossil fuels and no-renewable raw materials. Nowadays, biorrefineries can be defined as every production process based on biomass, obtaining as result final or intermediate chemical products and/or energy, food and feed, and employing environmental sustainable production processes.There are many types of biorefineries, and they can be classified according to the process that are employing, what kind of products are producing and in terms of the biomass used as raw material. Among all the different biorefineries, nowadays is gaining importance those that are using lignocellulosic biomass to obtain products and energy. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed by, mainly, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. All of these biopolymers can be processed and separated into their fundamental components, which can be used as reactive or intermediate products in many different industrial processes...
Biorefineries development as production model kindred to the traditional refineries has been favoured by the different environmental policies adopted by different national and supranational organisms, and also by the scarcity of the fossil fuels and no-renewable raw materials. Nowadays, biorrefineries can be defined as every production process based on biomass, obtaining as result final or intermediate chemical products and/or energy, food and feed, and employing environmental sustainable production processes.There are many types of biorefineries, and they can be classified according to the process that are employing, what kind of products are producing and in terms of the biomass used as raw material. Among all the different biorefineries, nowadays is gaining importance those that are using lignocellulosic biomass to obtain products and energy. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed by, mainly, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. All of these biopolymers can be processed and separated into their fundamental components, which can be used as reactive or intermediate products in many different industrial processes...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Materiales, leída el 07-09-2018