Publication: El origen del mal en la apocalíptica judía: evolución, influjos, protagonistas
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2019-08-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El judaísmo apocalíptico es uno de los fenómenos ideológicos y literarios que mayor interés ha suscitado entre los investigadores del período del Segundo Templo. Caracterizado por una concepción dualista del universo a todos sus niveles y la creencia en un más allá, las obras relacionadas con esta corriente proporcionan al lector diferentes consideraciones acerca del cosmos, el hombre y su historia en las que destaca el desarrollo de una nueva perspectiva escatológica. Tomando como base la teoría de la retribución bíblica, los autores apocalípticos dan un paso más allá, posponiendo el premio y castigo divino a las acciones de los hombres a una vida futura. De este modo, eliminan las posibles contradicciones a las que la teodicea tradicional se enfrenta, comola famosa figura del justo sufriente. Sin embargo, una cuestión queda aún sin respuesta: ¿por qué existe el mal en el mundo? Esta problemática, apenas presente en la tradición de la Biblia hebrea, hallará de la mano de la apocalíptica judía una gran variedad de interpretaciones en las que ángeles, satanes y hombres se erigen como corruptores de la perfecta creación de Dios. Si bien las consideraciones acerca del origen del mal en la apocalíptica judía ya han sido tratadas por diversos investigadores, lo cierto es que pocos son los estudios monográficos que abordan esta cuestión de manera global y profunda. A partir de un riguroso análisis de las fuentes apócrifas y qumránicas que toman en consideración los orígenes del mal en el mundo, la presente tesis doctoral presenta una visión actualizada de los diferentes relatos relacionados con esta problemática. Bajo una perspectiva fundamentalmente diacrónica y comparativa, el principal objetivo de esta investigación es ofrecer una clara descripción ideológica y literaria de las diferentes interpretaciones apocalípticas en la que se precisen los posibles antecedentes bíblicos de cada una de ellas, las influencias externas recibidas a tenor del contexto helenístico en que se desarrollan, su diálogo con otras corrientes judías de la época y su evolución a lo largo de los siglos, con un especial interés en los protagonistas específicos de las obras abordadas como agentes introductores del mal...
The Jewish apocalyptic tradition is one of the ideological and literary events that has generated more interest among the researchers of the Second Temple period. It is characterised by a dualistic conception of the universe in all its levels and the belief in the afterworld, and the writings related to this current provide the reader with different ideas about cosmos, men and their history, in which the development of a new eschatological perspective is the main point. Taking the biblical doctrine of reward and punishment as their starting point, the apocalyptic authors go a step beyond, delaying the divine response to human acts until a future life. This way, they erase the potential contradictions surrounded by the traditional theodicy, like the popular figure of the suffering servant. However, there is still an unanswered question: why does evil exist? This problem, barely present in the Hebrew Bible tradition, will find in Jewish apocalyptic tradition several interpretations in which angels, satans and men emerge as the perverters of God´s perfect creation. Even though the conceptions about the origins of evil in the Jewish apocalyptic tradition have already been addressed by several researchers, there are few monographical studies that handle this issue in a complete and comprehensive way. Starting from an exhaustive analysis of the apocryphal and Qumranic sources that take into consideration the origins of evil in the world, the current Ph.D. dissertation introduces an updated view of the different writings related with these problems. Under a mainly diachronic and comparative perspective, the aim of this research is to provide a clear ideological and literary description of the different apocalyptic interpretations in order to specify the following: the possible biblical precedents for each of them, the external influences in the Hellenistic context in which they develop, the dialogue with other Jewish currents at the time, and the evolution of each interpretation throughout centuries, focusing specially on each of the main characters of the referred works as the bringers of evil...
The Jewish apocalyptic tradition is one of the ideological and literary events that has generated more interest among the researchers of the Second Temple period. It is characterised by a dualistic conception of the universe in all its levels and the belief in the afterworld, and the writings related to this current provide the reader with different ideas about cosmos, men and their history, in which the development of a new eschatological perspective is the main point. Taking the biblical doctrine of reward and punishment as their starting point, the apocalyptic authors go a step beyond, delaying the divine response to human acts until a future life. This way, they erase the potential contradictions surrounded by the traditional theodicy, like the popular figure of the suffering servant. However, there is still an unanswered question: why does evil exist? This problem, barely present in the Hebrew Bible tradition, will find in Jewish apocalyptic tradition several interpretations in which angels, satans and men emerge as the perverters of God´s perfect creation. Even though the conceptions about the origins of evil in the Jewish apocalyptic tradition have already been addressed by several researchers, there are few monographical studies that handle this issue in a complete and comprehensive way. Starting from an exhaustive analysis of the apocryphal and Qumranic sources that take into consideration the origins of evil in the world, the current Ph.D. dissertation introduces an updated view of the different writings related with these problems. Under a mainly diachronic and comparative perspective, the aim of this research is to provide a clear ideological and literary description of the different apocalyptic interpretations in order to specify the following: the possible biblical precedents for each of them, the external influences in the Hellenistic context in which they develop, the dialogue with other Jewish currents at the time, and the evolution of each interpretation throughout centuries, focusing specially on each of the main characters of the referred works as the bringers of evil...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 19-12-2018