Publication: Emergencia y diseminación de mecanismos de resistencia a antibióticos de último recurso en bacterias humanas, animales y ambientales
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2021-04-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El descubrimiento y desarrollo de los antibióticos revolucionó la medicina moderna, permitiendo el tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas consideradas incurables hasta la fecha y el progreso en otros muchos ámbitos médicos y sanitarios. Sin embargo, cada vez que un compuesto antibiótico era introducido en la práctica clínica y sanitaria, las bacterias resistentes al mismo emergían y se diseminaban a una velocidad proporcional a su uso. El fenómeno de la resistencia a los antibióticos es un fenómeno natural y evolutivo complejo, mediante el cual las bacterias son capaces de adaptarse y sobrevivir a la actividad de estos compuestos. Por ello, el uso masivo e indiscriminado de los antibióticos durante décadas, no sólo en medicina humana, sino también en sanidad animal y ambiental, aceleró el desarrollo de bacterias multirresistentes e, incluso, panresistentes, causantes de infecciones intratables que conducen a la muerte...
The discovery and development of antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine, allowing the treatment of bacterial infections that were previously considered incurable and the progress in many other medical and health fields. However, every time that an antibiotic compound was introduced into clinical and healthcare practices, bacteria resistant to it emerged and disseminated at a rate proportional to its use. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex natural and evolutionary phenomenon, through which bacteria are able to adapt and survive the activity of these compounds. This is why the massive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics over decades, not only in human medicine, but also in animal and environmental health, accelerated the development of multi-resistant and, even, pan-resistant bacteria, causing intractable infections that lead to death. Furthermore, due to multiple factors, the discovery of new compounds with antibiotic activity has drastically decreased in the last half century, limiting the therapeutic options for these infections. The current epidemiological situation of antimicrobial resistance is critical, being one of the main health problems worldwide...
The discovery and development of antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine, allowing the treatment of bacterial infections that were previously considered incurable and the progress in many other medical and health fields. However, every time that an antibiotic compound was introduced into clinical and healthcare practices, bacteria resistant to it emerged and disseminated at a rate proportional to its use. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex natural and evolutionary phenomenon, through which bacteria are able to adapt and survive the activity of these compounds. This is why the massive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics over decades, not only in human medicine, but also in animal and environmental health, accelerated the development of multi-resistant and, even, pan-resistant bacteria, causing intractable infections that lead to death. Furthermore, due to multiple factors, the discovery of new compounds with antibiotic activity has drastically decreased in the last half century, limiting the therapeutic options for these infections. The current epidemiological situation of antimicrobial resistance is critical, being one of the main health problems worldwide...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, leída el 27-01-2021