Publication: Avances en el conocimiento de la fisiopatología del buceo en tortugas marina: el descubrimiento de la enfermedad descompresiva
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2022-02-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La enfermedad descompresiva (DCS), diagnosticada clínicamente mediante la reversión de los síntomas tras el tratamiento de recompresión, no habido sido nunca antes reportada en vertebrados buceadores en apnea, a pesar de la previsible aparición en sus tejidos de tensiones de gas suficientemente elevadas como para dar lugar a la formación de burbujas y lesiones en base a los estudios en modelos experimentales terrestres. En mamíferos marinos, han sido descritas lesiones compatibles con DCS en estudios post mortem, en casos en los que se presupone una alteración del comportamiento de buceo como consecuencia de la exposición a fuentes acústicas submarinas de alta potencia (por ejemplo, el sonar militar activo) y en casos de animales atrapados accidentalmente a profundidad en pesquerías. En las tortugas marinas, a pesar de la abundante literatura sobre la fisiología del buceo y los trabajos sobre la disrupción que causa en los animales las capturas accidentales, este es el primer reporte de embolismo gaseoso (EG) y DCS en este grupo. El presente trabajo de Tesis Doctoral es el recopilatorio más completo existente hasta el momento sobre la enfermedad en cualquier vertebrado buceador: se aportan las evidencias de su existencia incluyendo los síntomas y lesiones asociadas, se describen las opciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas y se facilitan datos preliminares sobre el impacto de la enfermedad en el entorno clínico de un centro de recuperación (CR), así como en condiciones de campo a bordo de buques pesqueros...
Decompression sickness (DCS), clinically diagnosed by reversal of symptoms after recompression treatment, has never been reported in breath hold divers, despite the predictable occurrence in their tissues when nitrogen stresses high enough to lead to bubble formation and lesions based on studies in terrestrial experimental models. In marine mammals, lesions compatible with DCS were described in post mortem studies, in cases where altered diving behavior is assumed because of exposure to high-powered underwater acoustic sources (e.g., active military sonar) and in cases of animals accidentally caught at depth in fisheries. In sea turtles, despite the abundant literature on diving physiology and work on the disruption caused to animals by accidental capture, this is the first report of gas embolism (GE) and DCS in this group. This Thesis is the most comprehensive compilation to date of the disease in any diving vertebrate: it provides evidence of its existence including associated symptoms and lesions, describes diagnostic and therapeutic options, and provides preliminary data on the impact of the disease in the clinical setting of a recovery center as well as under field conditions on board fishing vessels. The study compiles for the first-time information on this new clinic-pathological entity based on more than 300 affected loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) as well as isolated specimens of green turtle (Chelonia mydas), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)...
Decompression sickness (DCS), clinically diagnosed by reversal of symptoms after recompression treatment, has never been reported in breath hold divers, despite the predictable occurrence in their tissues when nitrogen stresses high enough to lead to bubble formation and lesions based on studies in terrestrial experimental models. In marine mammals, lesions compatible with DCS were described in post mortem studies, in cases where altered diving behavior is assumed because of exposure to high-powered underwater acoustic sources (e.g., active military sonar) and in cases of animals accidentally caught at depth in fisheries. In sea turtles, despite the abundant literature on diving physiology and work on the disruption caused to animals by accidental capture, this is the first report of gas embolism (GE) and DCS in this group. This Thesis is the most comprehensive compilation to date of the disease in any diving vertebrate: it provides evidence of its existence including associated symptoms and lesions, describes diagnostic and therapeutic options, and provides preliminary data on the impact of the disease in the clinical setting of a recovery center as well as under field conditions on board fishing vessels. The study compiles for the first-time information on this new clinic-pathological entity based on more than 300 affected loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) as well as isolated specimens of green turtle (Chelonia mydas), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, leída el 17-11-2021