Publication: Estilos de vida y factores de riesgo asociados al sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en España
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2016-03-07
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La obesidad es hoy en día un problema de salud pública en aumento a nivel mundial tanto en niños como en adultos. En las últimas tres décadas la prevalencia de sobrepeso y la obesidad ha crecido continua y sustancialmente. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha estimado que 170 millones de jóvenes menores de 18 años presentan exceso de peso y ha considerado a la obesidad como una epidemia a nivel mundial. La obesidad es un problema multifactorial, en el que intervienen factores genéticos, ambientales y sociales, por lo que no sería adecuado atribuir el constante incremento en su prevalencia exclusivamente a un solo tipo de estos factores. Muchas de las causas principales de este problema se deben encontrar en el entorno y en la influencia que conlleva el “ambiente obesogénico” que nos rodea y que está ligado e influenciado por los cambios económicos y sociales, que en las últimas décadas han modificado los hábitos dietéticos, e inducido a llevar un estilo de vida cada vez más sedentario y con dietas desequilibradas. En España se han realizado varios estudios para determinar la prevalencia y las causas de la obesidad infantil aunque pocos de ellos en muestras representativas, el más reciente de ellos es el estudio de Alimentación, Actividad física, Desarrollo INfantil y Obesidad (ALADINO), que recoge los datos proporcionados por los niños, sus familias y los centros escolares; utilizando el protocolo de la iniciativa “Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative” (COSI), para conseguir resultados que fueran fácilmente comparables con los de otras poblaciones europeas. Los datos recogidos en población infantil española constituyen la base del presente estudio. Por ello, el objeto de la presente tesis doctoral es identificar los factores de riesgo relacionados con el estilo de vida en el entorno familiar, escolar y social que contribuyen al incremento sobrepeso y obesidad, prestando especial atención a los factores relacionados con el estilo de vida sedentario y la inactividad física...
Obesity is a public health problem rising worldwide in children and in adults. Over the past three decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased continuously and substantially. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 170 million under the age of 18 years are overweight; therefore obesity is nowdays considered an epidemic disease worldwide. Obesity is a multifactorial problem, involving genetic, environmental, and social factors; Many of the leading causes of this problem are found in the environment and the influence the "obesogenic" environment that surrounds us and that is linked and influenced by economic and social changes that in recent decades have changed dietary habits and induced to have a more sedentary lifestyle and imbalanced diets. In Spain, several studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of childhood obesity, the most recent among these is the (ALimentación, Actividad Física, Desarrollo INfantil y Obesidad—Food, Physical Activity, Child development and Obesity) ALADINO study, which collects the data provided by the children, their families and school using the protocol of the "Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative" (COSI), to achieve results that were easily comparable with other European populations. The dat of the ALADINO study are the subjects of this research. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to identify risk factors related to lifestyles in the family, school and social environment that contribute to the increase in overweight and obesity and in order to develop strategies that could contribute to the fight against this problem, thus preventing multiple problems, both individually and collectively...
Obesity is a public health problem rising worldwide in children and in adults. Over the past three decades the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased continuously and substantially. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 170 million under the age of 18 years are overweight; therefore obesity is nowdays considered an epidemic disease worldwide. Obesity is a multifactorial problem, involving genetic, environmental, and social factors; Many of the leading causes of this problem are found in the environment and the influence the "obesogenic" environment that surrounds us and that is linked and influenced by economic and social changes that in recent decades have changed dietary habits and induced to have a more sedentary lifestyle and imbalanced diets. In Spain, several studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of childhood obesity, the most recent among these is the (ALimentación, Actividad Física, Desarrollo INfantil y Obesidad—Food, Physical Activity, Child development and Obesity) ALADINO study, which collects the data provided by the children, their families and school using the protocol of the "Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative" (COSI), to achieve results that were easily comparable with other European populations. The dat of the ALADINO study are the subjects of this research. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to identify risk factors related to lifestyles in the family, school and social environment that contribute to the increase in overweight and obesity and in order to develop strategies that could contribute to the fight against this problem, thus preventing multiple problems, both individually and collectively...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, leída el 11-11-2015