Publication: Modulación del sistema radicular en condiciones de estrés
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2016-03-16
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Durante su evolución, las plantas han adquirido un desarrollo post-embrionario que juega un papel esencial en su adaptación al ambiente. Durante dicha adaptación, la modulación del crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema radicular juegan un papel clave en el éxito reproductivo, o en otras palabras, la productividad agrícola. Por lo tanto, la obtención de sistemas radiculares más eficientes, es considerada como una de las mejores opciones biotecnológicas para incrementar la producción agrícola. En este trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto que tiene el estrés por aluminio (Al) y por la luz sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema radicular. La inducción de la secreción de ácidos orgánicos en la raíz por Al y su control por el factor de transcripción ScSTOP1 fue estudiada en centeno (Secale cereale L.), una de las especies más tolerantes. El hecho de que la secreción de ácidos orgánicos haya sido descrita tanto en estrés por Al y ayuno de fósforo (P), hizo que además se estudiara el papel de AtSTOP1 de Arabidopsis en dicha respuesta, obteniéndose resultados que indicaban que la iluminación de la raíz afectaba a su crecimiento y desarrollo. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis doctoral también se analizó el efecto de la luz sobre el sistema radicular en Arabidopsis. El Al el metal más abundante de la corteza terrestre, siendo el principal factor limitante de la producción agrícola en suelos ácidos, que comprenden aproximadamente el 40% de la superficie cultivable mundial. A pH bajo (<5,5), el aluminio se solubiliza en su catión trivalente Al3+, que es tóxico para todas las células, particularmente para los meristemos. La exudación de ácidos orgánicos inducida por Al, los cuales forman complejos con el aluminio, es el mecanismo de tolerancia mejor caracterizado en varias especies vegetales. Diferentes transportadores de malato inducidos por aluminio (ALMT) han sido implicados en la secreción de malato en respuesta al aluminio en Arabidopsis, colza, trigo y centeno. A su vez, miembros de la familia MATE (multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion) han sido implicados en la exudación de citrato en respuesta al Al en Arabidopsis, arroz, cebada, sorgo y trigo...
Plants have post-embryonic development that, due to their obligated lifestyle, is essential for their adaptation to different environments. The ability of plants to modulate the root system growth and development plays an essential role that determines reproductive success, or in other words, plant productivity. Therefore, manipulating root systems to make them more efficient is being considered as one of the best biotechnological option to increase agricultural production nowadays. The principal aim of this is work is to address the effect of stress generated by aluminum (Al) or light on root growth and development. Al-induced secretion of organic acids in roots and its control by ScSTOP1 transcription factor was studied in the crop plant rye (Secale cereale L.), one of the most Al-tolerant species. The fact that organic acids secretion is a common response in both Al-stress and phosphate (Pi) starved plants, lead also to study the role of Arabidopsis AtSTOP1 in Pi starvation response, obtaining results that strongly suggest that light affects root growth and development. Therefore, the analysis of light effect on root systems was also addressed in this thesis using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Al is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and is the main factor limiting productivity in acidic soils that comprise approximately 40% of the world’s arable land. At low pH values (<5.5), Al is solubilized into the Al3+, which is toxic for all living cells, particularly for plant root meristems. Protective Al-activated release of organic acid anions, which complex with Al ions, from root apices is the best characterized plant Al-tolerance mechanism in several plant species. Members of the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) family have been implicated in Al-induced malate efflux in Arabidopsis, rapeseed, wheat and rye. Otherwise, members of the multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family have been implicated in Al-induced citrate efflux in Arabidopsis, barley, rice, sorghum and wheat...
Plants have post-embryonic development that, due to their obligated lifestyle, is essential for their adaptation to different environments. The ability of plants to modulate the root system growth and development plays an essential role that determines reproductive success, or in other words, plant productivity. Therefore, manipulating root systems to make them more efficient is being considered as one of the best biotechnological option to increase agricultural production nowadays. The principal aim of this is work is to address the effect of stress generated by aluminum (Al) or light on root growth and development. Al-induced secretion of organic acids in roots and its control by ScSTOP1 transcription factor was studied in the crop plant rye (Secale cereale L.), one of the most Al-tolerant species. The fact that organic acids secretion is a common response in both Al-stress and phosphate (Pi) starved plants, lead also to study the role of Arabidopsis AtSTOP1 in Pi starvation response, obtaining results that strongly suggest that light affects root growth and development. Therefore, the analysis of light effect on root systems was also addressed in this thesis using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Al is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and is the main factor limiting productivity in acidic soils that comprise approximately 40% of the world’s arable land. At low pH values (<5.5), Al is solubilized into the Al3+, which is toxic for all living cells, particularly for plant root meristems. Protective Al-activated release of organic acid anions, which complex with Al ions, from root apices is the best characterized plant Al-tolerance mechanism in several plant species. Members of the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) family have been implicated in Al-induced malate efflux in Arabidopsis, rapeseed, wheat and rye. Otherwise, members of the multi-drug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family have been implicated in Al-induced citrate efflux in Arabidopsis, barley, rice, sorghum and wheat...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, leída el 22-01-2016