Publication: Descentralización y relaciones intergubernamentales en Bolivia, (1994-2006)
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2016-05-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente investigación analiza el proceso de descentralización de base municipal aplicada en Bolivia entre 1994 (promulgación de la Ley de Participación Popular) y 2006 (elección de prefectos y el referéndum por autonomías)1, planteando para este efecto una perspectiva analítica distinta a la generalmente utilizada en los tradicionales estudios sobre el tema en el país, esta vez centrada en las relaciones intergubernamentales como un enfoque que permite observar a las estructuras estatales en su funcionamiento concreto, es decir, el ‘ser’ del proceso, más allá de las imágenes estáticas que emergen de los estudios esencialmente normativos que reparan básicamente en el ‘deber ser’ del mismo. La hipótesis central del estudio vincula, en clave de causalidad, la existencia de un supuesto ‘déficit en el establecimiento de canales y mecanismos de relaciones intergubernamentales’ (variable independiente) como un factor que contribuyó a la ‘deslegitimación política del modelo de descentralización de base municipal en Bolivia’ (variable dependiente), planteamiento que pudo ser parcialmente corroborado a partir de la sistematización, interpretación y significación de la información obtenida, confirmando la existencia de un incipiente y endeble sistema de RIG que emerge tardíamente en el escenario nacional afincándose débilmente en un proceso de descentralización municipal que por entonces había reportado notables avances. Se produjo, en otros términos, un desarrollo asimétrico entre un sistema de RIG incipiente y por lo mismo débil y desestructurado, frente a un notable desarrollo normativo y discursivo del proceso de descentralización de base municipal por entonces en ebullición, lo que contribuyó, entre muchos otros factores, al debilitamiento del modelo y al surgimiento de demandas que propugnaban su reforma desde distintas vertientes y con intensidades variables, todo en el marco de la crisis general del sistema que se produjo en el país durante el periodo de estudio y que a la postre dio origen a la nueva Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, aprobada mediante referéndum nacional el 25 de enero de 2009 y promulgada el 7 de febrero del mismo.
This research analyzes the process of decentralization to the municipal level applied in Bolivia between 1994 (promulgation of the Law of Popular Participation) and 2006 (election of prefects/governors and the referendum on autonomy), posing for this purpose a different analytical perspective to the generally used in traditional studies on the subject in the country, this time focused on intergovernmental relations as an approach to observe the state structures in their actual functioning, 'being' of the process, beyond static images emerge from the essentially normative studies that basically repaired at the 'must be' the same. The central hypothesis of the study, determines a supposed "deficit in establishing channels and mechanisms for intergovernmental relations" (independent variable) as a factor contributing to the' political delegitimization of decentralization model based in local level in Bolivia (dependent variable), partially corroborated in systematization, interpretation and significance of the information obtained, confirming the existence of a nascent and fragile system of RIG, emerging late in national scene in a process of municipal decentralization which by then had reported remarkable progress. The general research objective focussed in “explain how, and to what extent the deficit in the establishment of channels and mechanisms of intergovernmental relations contributed to the political delegitimation of the model of decentralization of municipal base in Bolivia”. In this context, the specific objectives there was: a) Establish a general conceptual framework about of intergovernmental relations in the process of the territorial redistribution of political power; b) Describe the historical and institutional framework of the municipal decentralization process in Bolivia; c) Determine the intergovernmental relations model in this country during the research period; d) Analyze the structure and operation of intergovernmental cooperation mechanisms in vertical and horizontal sense; e) Analyze the structure and operation of mechanism of intergovernmental coordination; f) Measure the grade of utilization of functional instruments for intergovernmental cooperation (agreements and conventions); g) Identify the grade of participation of subnational governments in national decisions; h) Identify the critical issues at municipal model; i) Determine the level of intensity in demands for autonomy in departments and indigenous territories; j) Identify the principal bounds of municipal model for response to ethnical issues and territorial diversity; y k) Analyze the perceptions of central protagonists in development of intergovernmental relations system and the municipal decentralization process...
This research analyzes the process of decentralization to the municipal level applied in Bolivia between 1994 (promulgation of the Law of Popular Participation) and 2006 (election of prefects/governors and the referendum on autonomy), posing for this purpose a different analytical perspective to the generally used in traditional studies on the subject in the country, this time focused on intergovernmental relations as an approach to observe the state structures in their actual functioning, 'being' of the process, beyond static images emerge from the essentially normative studies that basically repaired at the 'must be' the same. The central hypothesis of the study, determines a supposed "deficit in establishing channels and mechanisms for intergovernmental relations" (independent variable) as a factor contributing to the' political delegitimization of decentralization model based in local level in Bolivia (dependent variable), partially corroborated in systematization, interpretation and significance of the information obtained, confirming the existence of a nascent and fragile system of RIG, emerging late in national scene in a process of municipal decentralization which by then had reported remarkable progress. The general research objective focussed in “explain how, and to what extent the deficit in the establishment of channels and mechanisms of intergovernmental relations contributed to the political delegitimation of the model of decentralization of municipal base in Bolivia”. In this context, the specific objectives there was: a) Establish a general conceptual framework about of intergovernmental relations in the process of the territorial redistribution of political power; b) Describe the historical and institutional framework of the municipal decentralization process in Bolivia; c) Determine the intergovernmental relations model in this country during the research period; d) Analyze the structure and operation of intergovernmental cooperation mechanisms in vertical and horizontal sense; e) Analyze the structure and operation of mechanism of intergovernmental coordination; f) Measure the grade of utilization of functional instruments for intergovernmental cooperation (agreements and conventions); g) Identify the grade of participation of subnational governments in national decisions; h) Identify the critical issues at municipal model; i) Determine the level of intensity in demands for autonomy in departments and indigenous territories; j) Identify the principal bounds of municipal model for response to ethnical issues and territorial diversity; y k) Analyze the perceptions of central protagonists in development of intergovernmental relations system and the municipal decentralization process...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 04-11-2015