Publication: Efecto de la introducción de genética Duroc y de la restricción de vitamina A en la dieta sobre parámetros productivos, expresión génica y calidad de la carne en el cerdo ibérico
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2016-07-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El cerdo ibérico es una raza porcina que se caracteriza por una alta tasa de acumulación de grasa y por una capacidad de crecimiento magro limitada. Su carne tiene un alto contenido en grasa y un perfil de ácidos grasos característico que determina la alta calidad de sus productos. Esta raza ha sido cruzada con machos Duroc de forma habitual para mejorar el rendimiento productivo y el desarrollo muscular. Esta práctica disminuye la grasa intramuscular (GIM) y el contenido en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI), parámetros asociados con la calidad de la carne. Estudios previos han demostrado que la genética y la nutrición entre otros, son factores clave que determinan la cantidad y composición de la GIM. El objetivo general de la presente Tesis Doctoral ha sido profundizar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos genéticos y moleculares asociados a caracteres fenotípicos de interés en el cerdo ibérico, especialmente el contenido y composición de la GIM, así como conocer la respuesta de estos mecanismos ante estrategias nutricionales, concretamente la restricción de vitamina A. Para la consecución de estos objetivos, se diseñaron dos ensayos experimentales. En el primero, se estudió el efecto del tipo genético y de la edad sobre el fenotipo y el transcriptoma muscular de cerdos ibéricos puros y cruzados con Duroc. Las etapas de desarrollo empleadas fueron el nacimiento y los cuatro meses de edad. Se analizaron diversos caracteres fenotípicos de interés y el transcriptoma de los músculos Longissimus dorsi (LD, en ambas edades) y Biceps femoris (BF, al nacimiento)...
The Iberian pig is a swine breed characterized by high fat deposition rate and limited capacity for lean tissue accretion. Its meat has a high fat content and a characteristic fatty acid profile, main factors determining the high quality of Iberian pig products. In order to improve productive performance and muscle development, this breed has been traditionally crossed with the Duroc breed. However, a decrease in intramuscular fat (IMF) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content, parameters closely linked to meat quality, has been reported in those crossbred pigs. Previous studies showed than genetics and nutrition among others, are key factors controlling IMF content and composition. Hence, the main goal of this Thesis was to contribute to the knowledge on genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with target phenotypic traits in Iberian pig, specially the intramuscular fat content and composition, and to study the effect of a nutritional strategy, specifically dietary vitamin A restriction, on these mechanisms. Two different experiments were designed to achieve these objectives. In the first one, the effects of age and genotype on muscle transcriptome were studied in pure and Duroc-crossbred Iberian pigs at two developmental stages (birth and four months of age). Several phenotypic parameters and Longissimus dorsi (LD, at both ages) and Biceps femoris (BF, at birth) transcriptome were assessed. The second experiment allowed the study of vitamin A supplementation (10,000 IU/kg feed) and restriction (0 IU/kg feed) on target traits and gene expression. Experimental diets administration started at two (early restriction group) or four (late restriction group) months of age and their effects were studied through the growing and fattening phases...
The Iberian pig is a swine breed characterized by high fat deposition rate and limited capacity for lean tissue accretion. Its meat has a high fat content and a characteristic fatty acid profile, main factors determining the high quality of Iberian pig products. In order to improve productive performance and muscle development, this breed has been traditionally crossed with the Duroc breed. However, a decrease in intramuscular fat (IMF) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content, parameters closely linked to meat quality, has been reported in those crossbred pigs. Previous studies showed than genetics and nutrition among others, are key factors controlling IMF content and composition. Hence, the main goal of this Thesis was to contribute to the knowledge on genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with target phenotypic traits in Iberian pig, specially the intramuscular fat content and composition, and to study the effect of a nutritional strategy, specifically dietary vitamin A restriction, on these mechanisms. Two different experiments were designed to achieve these objectives. In the first one, the effects of age and genotype on muscle transcriptome were studied in pure and Duroc-crossbred Iberian pigs at two developmental stages (birth and four months of age). Several phenotypic parameters and Longissimus dorsi (LD, at both ages) and Biceps femoris (BF, at birth) transcriptome were assessed. The second experiment allowed the study of vitamin A supplementation (10,000 IU/kg feed) and restriction (0 IU/kg feed) on target traits and gene expression. Experimental diets administration started at two (early restriction group) or four (late restriction group) months of age and their effects were studied through the growing and fattening phases...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 15/12/2015. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)