Publication: Problemática nutricional en escolares de la Comunidad de Madrid
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2016-08-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
"Introducción y Objetivo" En los últimos años se han producido importantes cambios en los estilos de vida de la población y con ello en la alimentación de niños y adolescentes. El mayor desarrollo económico, el avance tecnológico alimentario y culinario, el seguimiento de hábitos alimentarios inadecuados, como por ejemplo no desayunar, la incorporación de la mujer al trabajo fuera del hogar, la nueva estructura familiar, la gran influencia de la publicidad y de la televisión, la incorporación más temprana de los niños a la escuela, junto con la mayor posibilidad de elegir sus menús sin una adecuada supervisión familiar, entre otras, condiciona un consumo de alimentos con elevado aporte calórico y baja calidad nutricional. Debido a lo anterior cada vez es más frecuente la presencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en la población escolar, así como la aparición de otras conductas del comportamiento alimentario y la ingesta insuficiente de algunos micronutrientes como el caso de la vitamina D, calcio, hierro, acido fólico, etc. Por otra parte, también es destacable el aumento de tabaquismo y del sedentarismo entre los jóvenes de nuestro país. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, se ha producido un aumento de problemas de salud entre nuestros niños y adolescentes, entre los que se encuentran las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el síndrome metabólico. Por todo lo anteriormente descrito, el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el estado nutricional de un colectivo de escolares españoles de la ciudad de Madrid. Material y Métodos Para conseguir datos, se agruparon los 21 distritos de Madrid Capital, en función de sus características socioeconómicas similares y buscando también que todas las zonas geográficas de Madrid queden representadas. Se constituyeron 5 grupos escogiendo al azar un distrito de cada grupo resultando al final los barrios de Carabanchel, Moratalaz, Chamberí, Villaverde y Fuencarral...
"Introduction and Objectives" In recent years, there have been significant changes in the lifestyles of the population and therefore in children´s and teenager´s feeding. The economic development, food and culinary technological progress, inadequate eating habits, like not having breakfast, the increasingly incorporation of women to work, the new family structure, the influence of advertising and television, the early incorporation of children to school, together with the possibility of choosing their menu without the adequate parental supervision, among others, determines high caloric intake as well as low nutritional quality food consumption. Due to the reasons presented above, it is becoming more frequent the presence of obesity and overweight in the school population, as well as the appearance of other feeding behavioral conducts and the insufficient intake of some micronutrients such as the vitamin D, calcium, iron, folic acid, etc. On the other hand, it should be emphasized the increase of tabaquism and sedentary lifestyle among the youth of our country. Consequently, this fact leads to an increase in health problems among our children and youth such as cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods In order to gather data, it was necessary to group the 21 districts of Madrid, based on similar economical characteristics and also looking for that all the Madrid areas were represented. There were made 5 groups. It was chosen randomly one district of each group, resulting at the end the neighborhoods of Carabanchel, Moratalaz, Chamberí, Villaverde and Fuencarral. In each of those districts, it was selected randomly two schools; one public school and one private/state‐funded school with children from 5º and 6º of Elementary School, with the condition of having at least more than 10 students enrolled and that the school had school cafeteria...
"Introduction and Objectives" In recent years, there have been significant changes in the lifestyles of the population and therefore in children´s and teenager´s feeding. The economic development, food and culinary technological progress, inadequate eating habits, like not having breakfast, the increasingly incorporation of women to work, the new family structure, the influence of advertising and television, the early incorporation of children to school, together with the possibility of choosing their menu without the adequate parental supervision, among others, determines high caloric intake as well as low nutritional quality food consumption. Due to the reasons presented above, it is becoming more frequent the presence of obesity and overweight in the school population, as well as the appearance of other feeding behavioral conducts and the insufficient intake of some micronutrients such as the vitamin D, calcium, iron, folic acid, etc. On the other hand, it should be emphasized the increase of tabaquism and sedentary lifestyle among the youth of our country. Consequently, this fact leads to an increase in health problems among our children and youth such as cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods In order to gather data, it was necessary to group the 21 districts of Madrid, based on similar economical characteristics and also looking for that all the Madrid areas were represented. There were made 5 groups. It was chosen randomly one district of each group, resulting at the end the neighborhoods of Carabanchel, Moratalaz, Chamberí, Villaverde and Fuencarral. In each of those districts, it was selected randomly two schools; one public school and one private/state‐funded school with children from 5º and 6º of Elementary School, with the condition of having at least more than 10 students enrolled and that the school had school cafeteria...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), leída el 15-01-2016