Publication: Análisis virológico y epidemiológico del síndrome de despoblamiento de las colmenas en España: estudio de causas y consecuencias
Loading...
Files
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2016-08-20
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
La abeja de la miel Apis mellifera es la principal especie polinizadora empleada por el hombre para aumentar la productividad de los cultivos, y además desempeña una importante función en el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad en todo el mundo. En las últimas décadas, se ha apreciado un incremento de la mortalidad de las colonias de abejas en numerosas regiones, lo que ha llevado a generar una gran alarma debido a sus potenciales repercusiones económicas y medioambientales. Este fenómeno, caracterizado por no tener una causa conocida, se ha clasificado principalemente en “Síndrome de Despoblamiento de las Colmenas” (SDC), cuando presenta una sintomatología concreta de despoblamiento de abejas adultas, o simplemente “mortalidad invernal”, cuando las colmenas no superan el invierno por causas no identificadas. Estas pérdidas se han observado también en España, el país con mayor censo de colmenas de la Unión Europea e importante productor de miel. Esta situación ha generado la necesidad de estudiar las causas de tales pérdidas. Actualmente se considera que no existe una causa única que explique esta mortalidad sino que, por el contrario, se trata de un fenómeno en el que la interacción de varios factores afecta a las colonias. Entre estos factores considerados ‘de riesgo’ destacan la mala nutrición y la escasez de recursos, la climatología adversa y el cambio climático, la exposición a pesticidas neonicotinoides empleados en los cultivos donde pecorean las abejas, la presencia de depredadores naturales y especies invasoras y la acción de los patógenos presentes en las colmenas. Entre los patógenos que pueden afectar a la abejas, destacan los virus porque a pesar de conocerse su amplia distribución y prevalencia en las colmenas y haber sido asociados con eventos de mortalidad de colonias de abejas, aún son muchos los interrogantes sobre su patogenia, cómo se ven afectados por otros factores y cómo son capaces de alterar el equilibrio con el hospedador produciendo estados patológicos...
The honey bee Apis mellifera is the main pollinator species used to increase the productivity of crops and it also has a central role in the conservation of the worldwide diversity. In the last decades, an increase in the mortality of honey bee colonies has been observed in many regions, causing a great alarm due to its potential economic and environmental consequences. This phenomenon, which has unknown causes, has been called “Colony Collapse Disorder” (CCD) when a depopulation of adult honey bees is observed, or “winter losses” when colonies do not survive to the winter by unidentified causes. These losses have also been observed in Spain, country within the European Union with the highest hive census and with important honey productions. This situation has generated the need to discover the cause of these losses. Nowadays it is considered that no single cause can explain this mortality, but this is a phenomenon where the interaction of multiple factors can affect honey bee colonies. Among these ‘risk’ factors some are highlighted, such as poor nutrition and lack of food resources, adverse climatology, exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides used in crops where bees forage, presence of natural predators and invasive species and presence of pathogens in the colonies. Viruses are important pathogens not only for their extensive prevalence and distribution and their association with colony mortality, but for the unknown aspects about their pathogenicity, how viruses can be affected by other factors and how viruses can alter the balance with the host leading to a pathological status...
The honey bee Apis mellifera is the main pollinator species used to increase the productivity of crops and it also has a central role in the conservation of the worldwide diversity. In the last decades, an increase in the mortality of honey bee colonies has been observed in many regions, causing a great alarm due to its potential economic and environmental consequences. This phenomenon, which has unknown causes, has been called “Colony Collapse Disorder” (CCD) when a depopulation of adult honey bees is observed, or “winter losses” when colonies do not survive to the winter by unidentified causes. These losses have also been observed in Spain, country within the European Union with the highest hive census and with important honey productions. This situation has generated the need to discover the cause of these losses. Nowadays it is considered that no single cause can explain this mortality, but this is a phenomenon where the interaction of multiple factors can affect honey bee colonies. Among these ‘risk’ factors some are highlighted, such as poor nutrition and lack of food resources, adverse climatology, exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides used in crops where bees forage, presence of natural predators and invasive species and presence of pathogens in the colonies. Viruses are important pathogens not only for their extensive prevalence and distribution and their association with colony mortality, but for the unknown aspects about their pathogenicity, how viruses can be affected by other factors and how viruses can alter the balance with the host leading to a pathological status...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, leída el 26-01-2016.