Publication: La Iglesia en el Madrid en guerra. Información y propaganda (1936-1939)
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2017-04-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En los tres años que duró la guerra civil española (1936-1939) la Iglesia jugó un papel fundamental y en el seno de ella hubo sacerdotes que respaldaron y apoyaron a la República. Un clero que permaneció fiel al poder legítimamente constituido y que fue un elemento de propaganda esencial para el gobierno republicano. Durante la contienda, los sacerdotes y seglares que defendieron los ideales republicanos viajaron por el extranjero para presentar al mundo los verdaderos motivos por los que se luchaba en España. En sus mítines y conferencias negaron que la guerra se hubiera hecho por motivos religiosos, como manifestaba el bando sublevado, sino para preservar los privilegios de los poderes fácticos del país. Para el elemento católico pro-republicano, la guerra civil era una lucha entre la democracia y el fascismo, una idea que quiso dejar clara desde el primer momento la República; por ello recurrió constantemente a estos sacerdotes y seglares católicos para que, a través de los medios de comunicación, prensa y radio, así como por la publicación de folletos se difundieran los verdaderos motivos de la guerra española. La mayoría de los sacerdotes que apoyaron la causa republicana procedían del llamado catolicismo social, en el que el pueblo era su principal activo. A lo largo de los años anteriores a la guerra se volcaron con los más necesitados e hicieron una labor apostólica a imagen y semejanza de lo hecho por los primeros cristianos. Esa conciencia social les llevó a apoyar desde el principio a un gobierno que defendía al pueblo. La Jerarquía católica española criticó con vehemencia a estos "malos " sacerdotes que, según ellos, apoyaban a los "sin Dios". Las actividades de estos sacerdotes en el extranjero, en el que criticaban al movimiento militar amparado por el sector mayoritario de la Iglesia española, fue el motivo por el que se redactó la famosa Carta Colectiva de los obispos españoles; el documento de propaganda más importante de la guerra civil española. La victoria del general Franco en la guerra significó, en la mayoría de los casos, el exilio para este clero que apoyó incondicionalmente a la República, y que fue intencionadamente olvidado durante más de cuarenta años.
In the three years of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) the Church played a crucial role and within it there were priests who backed and supported the Republic. A clergy who remained faithful to power constituted and it was a propaganda element essential to the Republican government. During the war, the priests and laity who defended republican ideals traveled abroad to present to the world the true reasons why they fought in Spain. In his meetings and conferences they denied that the war had done for religious reasons, as stated the incited to rebellion side, but to preserve the privileges of the powers of the country. For the pro-republican Catholic element, the civil war was a struggle between democracy and fascism, an idea that would make clear from the outset the Republic; therefore constantly he resorted to these priests and lay Catholics to through the media, press and radio, as well as the publication of brochures the true motives of the Spanish war was disseminated. Most priests who supported the Republican cause social Catholicism came the call, in which the people was his greatest asset. Throughout the pre-war years they turned to the needy and made an apostolic work in the image and likeness of anything done by the early Christians. This social conscience led them to support from the beginning to a government which defended the people. The Spanish Catholic hierarchy vehemently criticized these "bad" priests who, according to them, supported the "godless". The activities of these priests abroad, in criticizing the military movement covered by the majority sector of the Spanish Church, was the reason that the famous Collective Letter of the Spanish bishops drafted; the most important propaganda document of the Spanish Civil War. The victory of General Franco in the war meant, in most cases, this exile clergy who unconditionally supported the Republic, and was intentionally forgotten for more than forty years.
In the three years of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) the Church played a crucial role and within it there were priests who backed and supported the Republic. A clergy who remained faithful to power constituted and it was a propaganda element essential to the Republican government. During the war, the priests and laity who defended republican ideals traveled abroad to present to the world the true reasons why they fought in Spain. In his meetings and conferences they denied that the war had done for religious reasons, as stated the incited to rebellion side, but to preserve the privileges of the powers of the country. For the pro-republican Catholic element, the civil war was a struggle between democracy and fascism, an idea that would make clear from the outset the Republic; therefore constantly he resorted to these priests and lay Catholics to through the media, press and radio, as well as the publication of brochures the true motives of the Spanish war was disseminated. Most priests who supported the Republican cause social Catholicism came the call, in which the people was his greatest asset. Throughout the pre-war years they turned to the needy and made an apostolic work in the image and likeness of anything done by the early Christians. This social conscience led them to support from the beginning to a government which defended the people. The Spanish Catholic hierarchy vehemently criticized these "bad" priests who, according to them, supported the "godless". The activities of these priests abroad, in criticizing the military movement covered by the majority sector of the Spanish Church, was the reason that the famous Collective Letter of the Spanish bishops drafted; the most important propaganda document of the Spanish Civil War. The victory of General Franco in the war meant, in most cases, this exile clergy who unconditionally supported the Republic, and was intentionally forgotten for more than forty years.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Historia de la Comunicación Social, leída el 11/02/2016