Publication: Las cubiertas de los libros de las editoriales españolas 1923-1936. Modelo de renovación del lenguaje plástico
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2017-05-03
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El libro ha sido y será un instrumento de trasmisión de ideas, conocimientos y, cuando se trata de ficción o de poesía, se convierte en el medio que nos abre el camino para descubrir otros mundos, otras percepciones y otra forma de entender o de soñar la vida y también de apreciar el arte que se puede difundir a través de las ilustraciones contenidas en él especialmente las de las cubiertas de los libros que son objeto de la presente investigación. Uno de los grandes cambios que sufre el libro es el de la incorporación de cubiertas ilustradas que comienzan a ser auténticos carteles publicitarios que se exhiben en los escaparates de las librerías, quioscos y otros diversos puntos de venta como si de una exposición urbana se tratara. El arte de la ilustración, considerado un arte menor comienza a adquirir relevancia e importancia. Son muchos los artistas que dedican su arte a la ilustración de las cubiertas llegando a convertir estos dibujos en auténticas obras de arte y en exponentes de los nuevos lenguajes artísticos. Las cubiertas que en un principio son anónimas pronto se firman por artistas que ponen su arte al servicio del libro lo ha permitido hacer una recopilación de nombres de artistas y que puede servir para posteriores estudios sobre el dibujo y los dibujantes de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Para la realización del trabajo se han recogido una serie de cubiertas de obras de diversos géneros: novelas, ensayos políticos y poesía publicadas por diferentes editoriales para ofrecer una muestra lo suficientemente amplia y dibujar las diferentes tendencias artísticas de esos años. En un principio el trabajo se centró de forma exclusiva a Madrid aunque vimos en la necesidad de ampliar el estudio a otras editoriales que ejercían su actividad en diferentes lugares de la geografía nacional como Valencia y Barcelona en donde el arte editorial tenía gran pujanza desde los comienzos de la imprenta. También se han incluido junto a las cubiertas de los libros las cubiertas de partituras musicales para lograr una visión global de la ilustración de las cubiertas en España durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX...
The book has been and continues to be a medium in which to transmit ideas and knowledge. And where fiction and poetry are concerned, is able to show us other worlds, other perspectives, and another way of thinking; or imagining life. In this report we will see if the book, not only shares the thoughts of people, but also shares its arts form. A rich and varied art form on the covers of books, its purpose above all being: to be attractive to readers, and to help identify names of collections and editors. A study of book covers, edited during the first decades of the 20th century is used alongside the new artistic language as much as the method of studying how it's been shared. It was at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century when the book, which practically had remained unchanged for more than 500 years, underwent owing to the Industrial Revolution a radical change which was due to the new machinery, which helped to bring down production costs as well as the installation of new printing techniques to reproduce images in black and white and color. These advances allowed the number of publications to increase, they become cheaper and more attractive to readers of all ages. This was thanks to the new use of lithographs, photographs and pictures, in black and white and in color. The images included inside the book, not only embellish it, but also clarify the text, and make it easier and more fun to read, or as the case may be complain about its acquisition. One of the most significant changes, which has undergone are the illustrated covers, which were originally posters, exhibited outside bookshops, kiosks and other such diverse places. The covers which were usually made of strong cardboard were kept so they could be made into softer cardboard at a cheaper cost. These book covers together with the advertising poster, made it possible they could be shown and admired on the street, acquired by a greater number of people, eager to promote their social advancement; and who equally owed their success to the Industrial Revolution. These phenomena produced a new upper middle class, composed of company directors and professionals. At the same time, workers moved to the cities to work in the factories which were built alongside slums on the outskirts of the city...
The book has been and continues to be a medium in which to transmit ideas and knowledge. And where fiction and poetry are concerned, is able to show us other worlds, other perspectives, and another way of thinking; or imagining life. In this report we will see if the book, not only shares the thoughts of people, but also shares its arts form. A rich and varied art form on the covers of books, its purpose above all being: to be attractive to readers, and to help identify names of collections and editors. A study of book covers, edited during the first decades of the 20th century is used alongside the new artistic language as much as the method of studying how it's been shared. It was at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century when the book, which practically had remained unchanged for more than 500 years, underwent owing to the Industrial Revolution a radical change which was due to the new machinery, which helped to bring down production costs as well as the installation of new printing techniques to reproduce images in black and white and color. These advances allowed the number of publications to increase, they become cheaper and more attractive to readers of all ages. This was thanks to the new use of lithographs, photographs and pictures, in black and white and in color. The images included inside the book, not only embellish it, but also clarify the text, and make it easier and more fun to read, or as the case may be complain about its acquisition. One of the most significant changes, which has undergone are the illustrated covers, which were originally posters, exhibited outside bookshops, kiosks and other such diverse places. The covers which were usually made of strong cardboard were kept so they could be made into softer cardboard at a cheaper cost. These book covers together with the advertising poster, made it possible they could be shown and admired on the street, acquired by a greater number of people, eager to promote their social advancement; and who equally owed their success to the Industrial Revolution. These phenomena produced a new upper middle class, composed of company directors and professionals. At the same time, workers moved to the cities to work in the factories which were built alongside slums on the outskirts of the city...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 16/12/2015