Publication: El derecho a la verdad en relación con violaciones graves de los derechos humanos. Análisis de su génesis, evolución y estado actual en el ordenamiento jurídico internacional
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2017-05-18
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El derecho a la verdad viene gozando de importante repercursión e interés habida cuenta del gran protagonismo que le han otorgado los órganos protectores de derechos humanos de los distintos sistemas de protección (en especial el universal y el interamericano) desde mediados de los años ochenta. A ello habría de sumársele los numerosos mecanismos que desde los años setenta los Estados han implementado para que tanto las víctimas como la sociedad pudieran conocer lo sucedido tras la perpetración de violaciones graves de derechos humanos, en forma de comisiones extrajudiciales de investigación, legislación de desclasificación de archivos o cualquier otro medio que pudiera permitir que las víctimas y la ciudadanía tuvieran acceso a este tipo de información. La proliferación de toda esta práctica a nivel interno de los Estados, y en las propias instituciones internacionales protectoras de derechos humanos, ha promovido la aparición de un intenso debate tanto a nivel doctrinal como institucional en torno a dos cuestiones principales acerca del derecho a la verdad. Primero, qué vinculación jurídica ostenta este derecho. Y, segundo, qué significado puede adscribírsele. Ambas cuestiones serán el objeto central de la presente tesis, aunque circunscrito a qué estarán obligados los Estados para con este derecho tras la comisión de violaciones graves de los derechos humanos. Debido a que pretendemos brindar una visión lo más completa posible del derecho a la verdad dentro del ordenamiento internacional, nuestro análisis se centrará en el estudio tanto de la práctica protagonizada por los órganos de protección de los derechos humanos de los sistemas universal, interamericano y europeo; como la emprendida por los Estados. De esta forma, podremos contar con una visión del derecho a la verdad tanto dentro del Derecho internacional convencional, como del Derecho internacional general, que ahondará no solo en su posición concreta en el ordenamiento internacional, sino también en todos aquellos nexos que con este derecho se han averiguado; entre los que sobresalen: la justicia, la reparación y la información...
The right to the truth has, lately, enjoyed an important repercussion due to the practice of the human rights protection organs, which belongs to the differents human rights protection systems – especially the Universal and the Interamerican one, since the eighties. The same importance can be also applicable to the State’s practice. Since the seventies, a remarkable number of States have implemented several mechanisms with the purpose of societies and victims knew what had happened after the commission of human rights violations. This mechanism could be non judicial investigating commissions, desaclassification of archives legislation or any other which allow both the society and the victims to access to this kind of information. The proliferation of this practice, on an internal and international level, has promoted the appearance of an intense debate inside the doctrine around two central topics. The first one, what is the legal status of the right to the truth. And the second one, what is its global meaning. Both will be the central questions of this thesis, but restricted to the commission of serious human rights violations. Indeed, our objective is to get a complete understanding of the right to the truth. That is why our analysis will be focus on the study of the practice of the human rights protection organs of the Universal, Interamerican and European systems and the one carried out by the States. Thus, we will count on the vision of the right to the truth on the general and conventional International Law. Also, we will study the diverse links existing with the right to the truth, especially intense with the justice, reparations and information. The different perceptions of the right to the truth will go even beyond. This right does not have an equal judicial binding, nor a similar content, within the previous systems. In particular, the principal cause of disagree will be the way of implement the collective aspect of the right to the truth – the one that materialize the right of the society to know the truth after the commission of massives and systematic human rights violations; aspect non related to the criminal trial...
The right to the truth has, lately, enjoyed an important repercussion due to the practice of the human rights protection organs, which belongs to the differents human rights protection systems – especially the Universal and the Interamerican one, since the eighties. The same importance can be also applicable to the State’s practice. Since the seventies, a remarkable number of States have implemented several mechanisms with the purpose of societies and victims knew what had happened after the commission of human rights violations. This mechanism could be non judicial investigating commissions, desaclassification of archives legislation or any other which allow both the society and the victims to access to this kind of information. The proliferation of this practice, on an internal and international level, has promoted the appearance of an intense debate inside the doctrine around two central topics. The first one, what is the legal status of the right to the truth. And the second one, what is its global meaning. Both will be the central questions of this thesis, but restricted to the commission of serious human rights violations. Indeed, our objective is to get a complete understanding of the right to the truth. That is why our analysis will be focus on the study of the practice of the human rights protection organs of the Universal, Interamerican and European systems and the one carried out by the States. Thus, we will count on the vision of the right to the truth on the general and conventional International Law. Also, we will study the diverse links existing with the right to the truth, especially intense with the justice, reparations and information. The different perceptions of the right to the truth will go even beyond. This right does not have an equal judicial binding, nor a similar content, within the previous systems. In particular, the principal cause of disagree will be the way of implement the collective aspect of the right to the truth – the one that materialize the right of the society to know the truth after the commission of massives and systematic human rights violations; aspect non related to the criminal trial...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Internacional Público y Derecho Internacional Privado, leída el 23-09-2016