Publication: Las posibles transformaciones en la negociación colectiva en Brasil en comparación con la actual realidad española
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2017-06-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El estudio visa conocer detenidamente las experiencias sobre Negociación Colectiva en España y en Brasil, buscando un contraste cuando sea posible, de las experiencias españolas al ordenamiento sindical brasileño. Para que las transposiciones se hiciesen posibles hubo necesidad de buscar las raíces de la representatividad sindical, bien como el estudio de los modelos y experiencias de representatividad en España y la representación legal en Brasil. En el capítulo segundo, estudiamos las fuentes del derecho limitadas dentro de los objetivos de este trabajo, y el desarrollo, años atrás, de la autonomía privada colectiva española que caminaba en conjunto con la centralización de la negociación colectiva en la cumbre. A su vez, asistimos en el mismo capítulo el decline (tras la crisis económica) de la centralización del sistema sindical frente a la descentralización, con leyes de preferencia negocial a los acuerdos de empresa, “descuelgue” y modificaciones de condiciones de trabajo. Apuntamos las críticas del nuevo sistema en contra punto con los beneficios. En Brasil, diferente que la mutante España, estudiamos una estagnación del Derecho Laboral Colectivo todavía de unidad sindical, a pesar de variados esfuerzos doctrinales para cambiar esta realidad. Indispensable fue el estudio de los niveles de negociación en el capítulo cuatro, muy sencillos en Brasil, solamente con dos niveles, y bastante complejos en España, donde se construyó una negociación colectiva mucho más rica en instrumentos normativos concurrentes o paralelos, pero que a su vez se fue hundiendo tras los grandes niveles de desempleo, hacia la descentralización en dirección al acuerdo de empresa, buscando el legislador una mejor aproximación de la negociación colectiva en la base. En lo que se refiere a Brasil, el estudio finalmente demuestra los obstáculos que se presentan para la libertad sindical plena, sus paradojas, y porque el Estado brasileño todavía no ratificó la Convención 87 de la OIT, y cuáles son los fallos para la transición a una real democracia sindical. Concluyendo, el estudio contrasta las dos legislaciones y presenta hipótesis de razonables cambios en la legislación brasileña sobre Derecho Sindical, buscando básicamente la libertad sindical plena de la OIT, como en el caso español, la representatividad sindical efectiva de los trabajadores en su base sindical, la posibilidad de desarrollar nuevos niveles de negociación y la posible aplicación de mecanismos de “descuelgue” de la negociación colectiva en momentos de crisis.
The present study aims to know comprehensively the experiences regarding the Collective Negotiation in Spain and Brazil, seeking a contrast, when possible, of Spanish experiences related to the syndical Brazilian system. In the first chapter, so that such transpositions were possible, it was necessary to seek the origins of syndical representation, focused on the private sector workers, as well as the study of models and representative experiences in Spain and legal representation in Brazil. In the second chapter, we studied the sources of right limited in the scope of this research’s objectives and the development, years back, of Spanish common private autonomy, which progressed together with the collective negotiation centralization. In turn, we are witnessing, in the same chapter, the decrease (after the economic crisis) of the syndical system centralization against the decentralization, with laws of negotiating preference towards companies’ deals, and changes in work conditions. We pointed to critics to the new system opposed to the presented benefits. In Brazil, in contrast to the mutant Spain, we studied a stagnation of Collective Work Law in the syndical unity, besides several doctrinal efforts to change this reality. Vital was the study of negotiation levels in chapter three, extremely simple in Brazil, simply two levels, and plenty complex in Spain, in which a far richer collective negotiation was constructed related to simultaneous or parallel regulation instruments, but were sinking due to high unemployment level, in which refers to decentralization to the companies’ deal, seeking the legislator in a better approximation of collective negotiation in base. With regard to Brazil, the study shows, finally, that presents obstacles to plain association liberty, its paradoxes and why Brazilian government still have not ratified the ILO’s Convention no. 87. Besides that, what the flaws for the transition to a real syndical democracy are. Concluding, the study contrasts both legislations and presents hypothesis of reasonable changes in Brazilian legislation regarding syndical rights, seeking, basically, ILO’s plain syndical liberty, as in the Spanish case, the effective syndical representativeness of workers in their syndical base, the possibility of developing new negotiation levels and the possible implementation of collective negotiation mechanisms in crisis times.
The present study aims to know comprehensively the experiences regarding the Collective Negotiation in Spain and Brazil, seeking a contrast, when possible, of Spanish experiences related to the syndical Brazilian system. In the first chapter, so that such transpositions were possible, it was necessary to seek the origins of syndical representation, focused on the private sector workers, as well as the study of models and representative experiences in Spain and legal representation in Brazil. In the second chapter, we studied the sources of right limited in the scope of this research’s objectives and the development, years back, of Spanish common private autonomy, which progressed together with the collective negotiation centralization. In turn, we are witnessing, in the same chapter, the decrease (after the economic crisis) of the syndical system centralization against the decentralization, with laws of negotiating preference towards companies’ deals, and changes in work conditions. We pointed to critics to the new system opposed to the presented benefits. In Brazil, in contrast to the mutant Spain, we studied a stagnation of Collective Work Law in the syndical unity, besides several doctrinal efforts to change this reality. Vital was the study of negotiation levels in chapter three, extremely simple in Brazil, simply two levels, and plenty complex in Spain, in which a far richer collective negotiation was constructed related to simultaneous or parallel regulation instruments, but were sinking due to high unemployment level, in which refers to decentralization to the companies’ deal, seeking the legislator in a better approximation of collective negotiation in base. With regard to Brazil, the study shows, finally, that presents obstacles to plain association liberty, its paradoxes and why Brazilian government still have not ratified the ILO’s Convention no. 87. Besides that, what the flaws for the transition to a real syndical democracy are. Concluding, the study contrasts both legislations and presents hypothesis of reasonable changes in Brazilian legislation regarding syndical rights, seeking, basically, ILO’s plain syndical liberty, as in the Spanish case, the effective syndical representativeness of workers in their syndical base, the possibility of developing new negotiation levels and the possible implementation of collective negotiation mechanisms in crisis times.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho del Trabajo y Seguridad Social, leída el 04-02-2016