Publication: Del pene al falo o el mito del falocentrismo psicoanalítico
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2018-04-19
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Tras siglos de hegemonía masculina en Occidente, el siglo XX fue testigo de la emergencia de movimientos que cuestionan la pertinencia de la diferenciación de los sexos y/o de las normas que la rigen. Dichos movimientos consideran la citada diferencia sexual una mera construcción social destinada a servir la hegemonía heterosexual o masculina. En el polo opuesto aparecieron movimientos conservadores que afirman que no hay más diferenciación sexual que la biológica. El psicoanálisis tiene el deber intelectual de discernir lo que, en la diferenciación sexual, es estructural y lo que es contingente. El objetivo del presente trabajo radica en realizar un recorrido por las obras de Freud y de Lacan centrado en la conceptualización del falo. En particular, explica por qué la teoría analítica, tras más de cien años de una elaboración respaldada por la experiencia de psicoanalistas de ambos sexos, escoge un término de connotación peneana para orientarse en el plano psíquico. El trabajo desarrolla lo que es el falo en los registros imaginario y simbólico teorizados por Lacan y lo que él conceptualiza como función fálica. Por último, procura emitir un juicio acerca de la pertinencia de tachar el psicoanálisis de falocentrista. Se comienza, pues, por un recorrido de la obra de Freud centrado en el concepto de falo. En el mismo se exponen los motivos que llevaron a Freud a concebir la diferenciación sexual alrededor de la pertenencia fálica...
After centuries of male hegemony in the West, the twentieth century witnessed the emergence of movements that question the relevance of differentiation of the sexes and / or the rules that govern it. These consider it a mere social construction destined to serve heterosexual or masculine hegemony. At the opposite pole appeared conservative movements that affirm that there is no other sexual differentiation than the biological one. Psychoanalysis has the intellectual duty to discern what, regarding sexual differentiation, is structural and what is contingent. The objective of the present thesis is to make a journey through the works of Freud and Lacan focused on the conceptualization of the phallus. In particular, it explains why the analytic theory, after more than one hundred years of an elaboration supported by the experience of psychoanalysts of both sexes, chooses a term with a penile connotation to orient itself in the psychic plane. The work develops what is the phallus in the imaginary and symbolic registers theorized by Lacan and what he conceptualizes as the phallic function. Finally, it tries to make a judgment on the pertinence of criticizing psychoanalysis as a supposedly phallocentered theory. The thesis begins with a journey through the work of Freud focused on the concept of phallus. The reasons that lead Freud to conceive the sexual differentiation around the phallic belonging are exposed...
After centuries of male hegemony in the West, the twentieth century witnessed the emergence of movements that question the relevance of differentiation of the sexes and / or the rules that govern it. These consider it a mere social construction destined to serve heterosexual or masculine hegemony. At the opposite pole appeared conservative movements that affirm that there is no other sexual differentiation than the biological one. Psychoanalysis has the intellectual duty to discern what, regarding sexual differentiation, is structural and what is contingent. The objective of the present thesis is to make a journey through the works of Freud and Lacan focused on the conceptualization of the phallus. In particular, it explains why the analytic theory, after more than one hundred years of an elaboration supported by the experience of psychoanalysts of both sexes, chooses a term with a penile connotation to orient itself in the psychic plane. The work develops what is the phallus in the imaginary and symbolic registers theorized by Lacan and what he conceptualizes as the phallic function. Finally, it tries to make a judgment on the pertinence of criticizing psychoanalysis as a supposedly phallocentered theory. The thesis begins with a journey through the work of Freud focused on the concept of phallus. The reasons that lead Freud to conceive the sexual differentiation around the phallic belonging are exposed...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 22-09-2017