Publication: Neutralidad del Estado y protección de la autonomía religiosa en Europa
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2018-06-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El deber de neutralidad religiosa entendido como criterio de actuación de la actividad de los Estados en la gestión del hecho social religioso, cobra cada vez mayor peso en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos relacionada con la protección del derecho de libertad religiosa y de creencias. Implícito en el artículo 9 del Convenio, la Corte de Estrasburgo ha identificado en este mandato uno de sus principios generales más sobresalientes. Desde planteamientos cercanos a los postulados del liberalismo clásico, que niega a los poderes públicos competencia para valorar la validez o legitimidad secular de creencias y prácticas religiosas, el Estado es percibido por el Tribunal, sobre todo, como un organizador neutral e imparcial de la vida religiosa de la polis y como el garante último del orden público y del pluralismo. El propósito de esta tesis es indagar, a partir del análisis casuístico de la jurisprudencia de Estrasburgo, en qué sentido y con qué efectos es interpretado y aplicado el principio de neutralidad en un contexto muy concreto: el que se refiere a la protección del derecho de autonomía de los grupos religiosos, tanto en su capacidad para gestionar sus asuntos internos libres de interferencias arbitrarias del Estado; como para desenvolverse con plenitud en sus relaciones externas en el tráfico jurídico de los países en los que están presentes. Finalmente, se trata de buscar responder a la pregunta de cuál es la operatividad real de un mandato al que sistemáticamente se acude como factor determinante en la gestión de la proyección social del factor religioso. Cómo, cuándo y cuanto afecta la actuación neutral —o no neutral del Estado— a creyentes y comunidades religiosas...
The duty of religious neutrality as a criterion for the State management of religion as a social factor, is gaining momentum in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights relating to the protection of the right to freedom of religion or belief. Implicit in Article 9 of the Convention, the Court of Strasbourg has identified in this mandate one of its most outstanding general principles. From a standpoint closely rooted in the tenets of classical political liberalism, which denies public authorities any competence to assess the validity or secular legitimacy of religious beliefs and practices, the State is perceived by the Court, above all, as a neutral and impartial organizer of the religions life of the polis and as the ultimate guarantor of public order and pluralism. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to investigate, through an analysis of the case-law of the Strasbourg Court, in what sense and with what effects the principle of neutrality is interpreted and applied in a very specific context: that which concerns the protection of the right to autonomy of religious groups, both in their ability to manage their internal affairs free of arbitrary State interference; as well as to fully develop their external relations in the legal order of the countries in which they are present. Finally, the aim is to answer the question of what is the real effectiveness of a mandate that is systematically used as a determining factor in the management of the social projection of religion. How, when, and how much does neutral or non-neutral action of the State affect religious believers and communities...
The duty of religious neutrality as a criterion for the State management of religion as a social factor, is gaining momentum in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights relating to the protection of the right to freedom of religion or belief. Implicit in Article 9 of the Convention, the Court of Strasbourg has identified in this mandate one of its most outstanding general principles. From a standpoint closely rooted in the tenets of classical political liberalism, which denies public authorities any competence to assess the validity or secular legitimacy of religious beliefs and practices, the State is perceived by the Court, above all, as a neutral and impartial organizer of the religions life of the polis and as the ultimate guarantor of public order and pluralism. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to investigate, through an analysis of the case-law of the Strasbourg Court, in what sense and with what effects the principle of neutrality is interpreted and applied in a very specific context: that which concerns the protection of the right to autonomy of religious groups, both in their ability to manage their internal affairs free of arbitrary State interference; as well as to fully develop their external relations in the legal order of the countries in which they are present. Finally, the aim is to answer the question of what is the real effectiveness of a mandate that is systematically used as a determining factor in the management of the social projection of religion. How, when, and how much does neutral or non-neutral action of the State affect religious believers and communities...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado, leída el 09-06-2017