Publication: Geoquímica de series metasedimentarias del Macizo Ibérico: contexto dinámico de la transición Ediacarense- Cámbrico
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2018-09-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El Macizo Ibérico contiene una excelente representación de la estratigrafía del Paleozoico Inferior, así como de la transición con el Neoproterozoico Superior. La geoquímica de las series siliciclásticas (elementos mayores y trazas) y sus fuentes isotópicas (Sm-Nd) han sido muy poco investigadas hasta tiempos recientes, a pesar de que estos aspectos son importantes a la hora de conocer el contexto dinámico de las cuencas y su ubicación en el paleomargen de Gondwana. En esta tesis se presenta un estudio basado en estas metodologías y tiene como objetivo principal la investigación de las series estratigráficas que definen la transición entre el Cámbrico Inferior y el Ediacarense. Las series estudiadas corresponden a las Unidades Alóctonas Superiores y a las Unidades Alóctonas Basales del NW, al Cámbrico Inferior y Alcudiense del sector meridional de la Zona Centroibérica y a las Unidades Alóctonas Basales del SW. La labor realizada se ha sintetizado en varios trabajos ya publicados, que se han incluido en esta memoria y representan su contenido fundamental. La memoria se ha completado además con unos apartados introductorios de contenido metodológico y un capítulo final que presenta una síntesis de resultados a escala del Macizo Ibérico.Los resultados obtenidos indican como conclusión general, un cambio significativo en la influencia de un arco volcánico Cadomiense sobre los procesos sedimentarios que tenían lugar en el margen de Gondwana y por consiguiente, sobre la composición química de las secuencias sedimentarias siliciclásticas ediacarenses y cámbricas. Este cambio supuso una evolución progresiva del contexto deposicional, probablemente ligado a la apertura y ensanchamiento de una extensa cuenca back-arc. Esta apertura ocasionó durante el Paleozoico más inferior un progresivo alejamiento de las cuencas sedimentarias del foco principal de la actividad magmática, cuya actividad era también aparentemente decreciente, y una evolución muy lenta pero continua hacia un margen pasivo durante la mayor parte del Cámbrico. La transición es especialmente evidente en la geoquímica (elementos mayores y trazas) de las secuencias sedimentarias del Cámbrico Inferior y del Alcudiense (Ediacarense) del sector meridional de la Zona Centroibérica. También es patente en la composición de las secuencias detríticas de las Unidades Alóctonas Basales del NW de Iberia. La investigación de las fuentes isotópicas (Sm-Nd) refleja la misma evolución geodinámica de los terrenos peri-Gondwánicos entre el Ediacarense y el Cámbrico. Es particularmente visible en el caso de las secuencias metasedimentarias de la Zona Centroibérica, donde la evolución de los valores de Nd indican una menor influencia del arco volcánico durante la sedimentación de las series cámbricas. Las TDM más antiguas registradas en estas secuencias del Cámbrico Inferior (1444 - 1657 Ma), son compatibles con un incremento de los aportes desde áreas fuente gondwánicas antiguas y una disminución de los aportes juveniles procedentes del arco volcánico...
The Iberian Massif contains an excellent representation of the Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy, as well as its transition to the Upper Neoproterozoic. The geochemistry (major and trace elements) of the siliciclastic series and their isotopic sources (Sm-Nd) have been scarcely investigated until recently, even though these aspects are important to infer the geodynamic context of the sedimentary basins and their location along the paleomargin of Gondwana. This PhD Thesis presents a study based on these methodologies, whose main objective is the investigation of the stratigraphic series that define the transition between Lower Cambrian and Ediacaran times. The studied series correspond to the Upper Allochthonous Units and the Basal Allochthonous Units of NW Iberia, the Lower Cambrian and Alcudian series from the southern sector of the Central Iberian Zone and to the SW Basal Allochthonous Units of the Iberian Massif. The whole research has been synthesized in several works already published, which have been included in this PhD Thesis constituting its main content. The document has also been completed with an introductory section incorporating the description of the used methodology and a final chapter that presents a synthesis of the conclusions within the geological frame of the Iberian Massif.As a general conclusion, the obtained results indicate a significant change in the influence of a Cadomian volcanic arc on the sedimentary processes that took place along the Gondwana margin and consequently, on the chemical composition of the Ediacaran and Cambrian siliciclastic sequences. This change meant a progressive evolution of the depositional context, probably linked to the opening and widening of an extensive back-arc basin. During the Lower Paleozoic, this opening caused a progressive separation of the sedimentary basins from the main focus of the magmatic activity, which apparently was also decreasing, and a very slow but continuous evolution towards a passive margin during most of the Cambrian. The transition is especially evident regarding the geochemistry (major and trace elements) of the Lower Cambrian and Alcudian (Ediacaran) sedimentary sequences of the southern sector of the Central Iberian Zone. It is also very noticeable in the composition of the detrital sequences of the Basal Allochthonous Units of NW of Iberia. The investigation of the isotopic sources (Sm-Nd) reflects the same geodynamic evolution of the peri-Gondwanan terranes between Ediacaran and Cambrian times. It is particularly visible in the case of the metasedimentary sequences of the Central Iberian Zone, where the evolution of Nd values indicates a lower influence of the volcanic arc during the sedimentation of the Cambrian series. The older TDM recorded in the Lower Cambrian sequences (1444 - 1657 Ma), are compatible with an increase in the contributions from older Gondwana sources and a decrease in the juvenile contributions from the volcanic arc...
The Iberian Massif contains an excellent representation of the Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy, as well as its transition to the Upper Neoproterozoic. The geochemistry (major and trace elements) of the siliciclastic series and their isotopic sources (Sm-Nd) have been scarcely investigated until recently, even though these aspects are important to infer the geodynamic context of the sedimentary basins and their location along the paleomargin of Gondwana. This PhD Thesis presents a study based on these methodologies, whose main objective is the investigation of the stratigraphic series that define the transition between Lower Cambrian and Ediacaran times. The studied series correspond to the Upper Allochthonous Units and the Basal Allochthonous Units of NW Iberia, the Lower Cambrian and Alcudian series from the southern sector of the Central Iberian Zone and to the SW Basal Allochthonous Units of the Iberian Massif. The whole research has been synthesized in several works already published, which have been included in this PhD Thesis constituting its main content. The document has also been completed with an introductory section incorporating the description of the used methodology and a final chapter that presents a synthesis of the conclusions within the geological frame of the Iberian Massif.As a general conclusion, the obtained results indicate a significant change in the influence of a Cadomian volcanic arc on the sedimentary processes that took place along the Gondwana margin and consequently, on the chemical composition of the Ediacaran and Cambrian siliciclastic sequences. This change meant a progressive evolution of the depositional context, probably linked to the opening and widening of an extensive back-arc basin. During the Lower Paleozoic, this opening caused a progressive separation of the sedimentary basins from the main focus of the magmatic activity, which apparently was also decreasing, and a very slow but continuous evolution towards a passive margin during most of the Cambrian. The transition is especially evident regarding the geochemistry (major and trace elements) of the Lower Cambrian and Alcudian (Ediacaran) sedimentary sequences of the southern sector of the Central Iberian Zone. It is also very noticeable in the composition of the detrital sequences of the Basal Allochthonous Units of NW of Iberia. The investigation of the isotopic sources (Sm-Nd) reflects the same geodynamic evolution of the peri-Gondwanan terranes between Ediacaran and Cambrian times. It is particularly visible in the case of the metasedimentary sequences of the Central Iberian Zone, where the evolution of Nd values indicates a lower influence of the volcanic arc during the sedimentation of the Cambrian series. The older TDM recorded in the Lower Cambrian sequences (1444 - 1657 Ma), are compatible with an increase in the contributions from older Gondwana sources and a decrease in the juvenile contributions from the volcanic arc...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Departamento de Petrología y Geoquímica, leída el 12-12-2017