Publication: Respuestas Nacionales y "Soberanía efectiva" frente al problema transnacional de las drogas. Un estudio del caso Chileno
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2018-10-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Chile está teniendo cada vez más protagonismo en el tráfico de drogas internacional a pesar de no ser un país productor de esas sustancias, hecho que confiere un especial interés al desarrollo de este trabajo.Este país se encuentra ubicado entre dos centros productivos de cocaína de gran relevancia internacional como son Bolivia y Perú, con quienes además, tiene una relación de vecindad compleja, derivada de diversas disputas territoriales que no son parte de este trabajo. Esta situación ha generado un contexto que, sumado a fronteras vulnerables y vacíos institucionales en ciertas zonas, está planteando un importante problema para el Estado. Las regiones de Arica y Parinacota (XV), Tarapacá (I) y Antofagasta (II) están actuando como puerta de entrada para la cocaína peruana y boliviana, así como centro de distribución de ésta a nivel nacional y global.Estas tres regiones comparten frontera con Bolivia, y en el caso particular de Arica y Parinacota, también con Perú. Sin embargo, toda esta extensa zona limítrofe sólo cuenta con 8 pasos fronterizos habilitados, pero en ella existen más de 100 de carácter ilegal, lo que suma una dificultad adicional al control del territorio. La frontera está siendo constantemente vulnerada por las organizaciones y grupos dedicados al contrabando de bienes ilegales, entre ellos la cocaína. Esta sustancia es exportada a través de los puertos chilenos con destino Europa principalmente, pero también hay una cierta cantidad que se queda en el país para satisfacer la demanda nacional que se concentra en las regiones del centro de Chile, principalmente en la región Metropolitana de Santiago...
Chile is playing an increasing rolein international drug trafficking despite not being a drug-producing country, a fact that confers a special interest in the development of this work.This country is located between two cocaine production centers of great international importance such as Bolivia and Peru, with whom it also has a complex neighborhood relationship, derived from various territorial disputes that are not part of this work. This situation has created a context that, together with vulnerable borders and institutional gaps in certain areas, is posing a major problem for Chile. The regions of Arica and Parinacota (XV), Tarapacá (I) and Antofagasta (II) are acting as gateways for Peruvian and Bolivian cocaine, as well as being distribution centers for this drug at national and global levels.These three regions share the border with Bolivia, and in the particular case of Arica and Parinacota, with Peru as well. All this extensive border area has only 8 authorized border checkpoints, but there exist more than 100 illegal ones, which adds an additional difficulty to the control of the territory. The border is being constantly violated by organizations and groups engaged in the smuggling of illegal goods, including cocaine. This substance is exported through Chilean ports to Europe mainly, but there is also a certain amount that remains in the country to meet the national demand that is concentrated in the regions of central Chile, mainly in the metropolitan region of Santiago...
Chile is playing an increasing rolein international drug trafficking despite not being a drug-producing country, a fact that confers a special interest in the development of this work.This country is located between two cocaine production centers of great international importance such as Bolivia and Peru, with whom it also has a complex neighborhood relationship, derived from various territorial disputes that are not part of this work. This situation has created a context that, together with vulnerable borders and institutional gaps in certain areas, is posing a major problem for Chile. The regions of Arica and Parinacota (XV), Tarapacá (I) and Antofagasta (II) are acting as gateways for Peruvian and Bolivian cocaine, as well as being distribution centers for this drug at national and global levels.These three regions share the border with Bolivia, and in the particular case of Arica and Parinacota, with Peru as well. All this extensive border area has only 8 authorized border checkpoints, but there exist more than 100 illegal ones, which adds an additional difficulty to the control of the territory. The border is being constantly violated by organizations and groups engaged in the smuggling of illegal goods, including cocaine. This substance is exported through Chilean ports to Europe mainly, but there is also a certain amount that remains in the country to meet the national demand that is concentrated in the regions of central Chile, mainly in the metropolitan region of Santiago...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 19-06-2017