Publication: Efectividad de Gait Tracer®, como herramienta para la disminución del riesgo de caídas en personas que han sufrido Daño Cerebral Adquirido
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2018-11-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Uno de los grandes retos al que se enfrentan las sociedades desarrolladas es el de la fuerte tendencia a la morbilidad de su población. Los avances sanitarios han hecho que aumente considerablemente la supervivencia de personas tras sufrir graves patologías o accidentes. Sin embargo, frecuentemente esta supervivencia ha llevado asociado un Daño Cerebral Adquirido (DCA) como una de sus principales consecuencias. En España el número de personas con DCA por diversas causas ha aumentado exponencialmente en los últimos años. Así, se han ideado diversos mecanismos encaminados a la cobertura de dichas necesidades, entre los que está el Centro de Referencia Estatal para la Atención del DCA (CEADAC), donde estas personas pueden continuar su proceso de rehabilitación. En este nivel, la atención sanitaria se articula a través de un equipo multidisciplinar, enfocado a que la persona consiga el mayor nivel de autonomía posible. Uno de los factores clave a tener en cuenta debido a la gran morbilidad que se instaura en personas con DCA, es el grado de funcionalidad del patrón de marcha que presentan en cuanto al equilibrio, velocidad, resistencia y el riesgo asociado a caerse se refiere. Sin embargo, en la bibliografía consultada no se han encontrado prácticamente estudios que presenten protocolos de reeducación de la marcha sobre tapiz rodante en los que se trate específicamente la mejora del patrón de marcha y el riesgo asociado a caer asociado en pacientes con DCA, es decir, mejora significativa del equilibrio, velocidad y resistencia para conseguir aumentar su autonomía, disminuyendo así el riesgo a caer y su grado de dependencia funcional. Objetivos: Los objetivos del Estudio, fueron: Determinar la eficacia de un programa de Reeducación Global de la Marcha para disminuir el riesgo de caídas en personas que han sufrido DCA y por tanto, conseguir una macha más funcional; analizar las diferencias entre las características principales de la Marcha (equilibrio, velocidad y resistencia) de los Usuarios que han utilizado el sistema GaitTracer® y aquellos pertenecientes al grupo de control; conocer la posible variación de la mejora del riesgo a caer en función del tipo de reeducación de la marcha realizado en cada grupo; estimar si los tratamientos utilizados deberían mantener una continuidad en el tiempo o si esto no es necesario, observando si una vez terminada la reeducación, se mantienen los niveles de mejora...
One of the major challenges faced by developed societies is the strong tendency towards morbidity of their population. Health advances have considerably increased the survival of people after suffering serious pathologies or accidents. However, this survival has frequently been associated with Acquired Brain Damage (ABD) as one of its main consequences. In Spain the number of people with ABD for various causes has increased exponentially in recent years. Thus, several mechanisms have been created to cover these needs, among which is the State Reference Center for Care of the ABD (CEADAC), where these people can continue their rehabilitation process. At this level, health care is articulated through a multidisciplinary team, focused on the person achieving the highest possible level of autonomy. One of the key factors to take into account due to the great morbidity that is established in people with ABD is the functionality degree of the gait pattern that they present in terms of balance, speed, resistance and the risk associated with falling. However, in the consulted bibliography, almost no studies have been found showing gait re-education protocols on treadmill in which the improvement of the gait pattern and the associated fall risk in patients with ABD are specifically treated, that is, significant improvement of the balance, speed and resistance in order to increase their autonomy, reducing the risk to fall and their degree of functional dependence. Objetives: The objectives of the Study were: To determine the effectiveness of a Global Reeducation Program to reduce the risk of falls in people who have suffered ABD and to achieve a more functional gait; to analyze the differences between the main characteristics of the gait (balance, speed and resistance) of the users who have used the GaitTracer® system and those belonging to the control group; to know the possible variation of the fall risk improvement to according to the type of march reeducation carried out in each group; to estimate if the treatments used should maintain a continuity in time or if this is not necessary, observing if, once the reeducation is finished, the levels of improvement are maintained...
One of the major challenges faced by developed societies is the strong tendency towards morbidity of their population. Health advances have considerably increased the survival of people after suffering serious pathologies or accidents. However, this survival has frequently been associated with Acquired Brain Damage (ABD) as one of its main consequences. In Spain the number of people with ABD for various causes has increased exponentially in recent years. Thus, several mechanisms have been created to cover these needs, among which is the State Reference Center for Care of the ABD (CEADAC), where these people can continue their rehabilitation process. At this level, health care is articulated through a multidisciplinary team, focused on the person achieving the highest possible level of autonomy. One of the key factors to take into account due to the great morbidity that is established in people with ABD is the functionality degree of the gait pattern that they present in terms of balance, speed, resistance and the risk associated with falling. However, in the consulted bibliography, almost no studies have been found showing gait re-education protocols on treadmill in which the improvement of the gait pattern and the associated fall risk in patients with ABD are specifically treated, that is, significant improvement of the balance, speed and resistance in order to increase their autonomy, reducing the risk to fall and their degree of functional dependence. Objetives: The objectives of the Study were: To determine the effectiveness of a Global Reeducation Program to reduce the risk of falls in people who have suffered ABD and to achieve a more functional gait; to analyze the differences between the main characteristics of the gait (balance, speed and resistance) of the users who have used the GaitTracer® system and those belonging to the control group; to know the possible variation of the fall risk improvement to according to the type of march reeducation carried out in each group; to estimate if the treatments used should maintain a continuity in time or if this is not necessary, observing if, once the reeducation is finished, the levels of improvement are maintained...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, leída el 11/01/2018