Publication: Uso sostenible del maíz BT: optimización del manejo de la resistencia en noctuidos plaga
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2019-01-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El maíz Bt MON 810 es el único maíz modificado genéticamente cultivado en la Unión Europea (UE). Este maíz, que expresa la toxina Cry1Ab, controla eficazmente a una de las plagas clave en el área Mediterránea, Sesamia nonagrioides, y también es efectiva frente a la plaga secundaria Mythimna unipuncta, ambos noctuidos. La mayor parte del maíz Bt cultivado en la UE está en España (alrededor del 91%) y más concretamente en el Valle del Ebro, con una adopción superior al 50% desde 2007. La evolución de resistencia a la toxina es considerada la mayor amenaza para la sostenibilidad a largo plazo del maíz Bt, siendo mayor el riesgo de resistencia en zonas con alta adopción de maíz Bt, con la consiguiente presión de selección sobre las plagas. En este contexto, se considera el Valle del Ebro como el único “hotspot” para el desarrollo de resistencia en la UE. La estrategia dosis-alta/refugio (HDR en inglés), aplicada en España, es el sistema de manejo de la resistencia en insectos (IRM en inglés) más usado para retrasar el desarrollo de resistencia. Esta tesis ha estudiado varios factores asociados con el desarrollo de resistencia al maíz Bt, con el objetivo de optimizar las estrategias de IRM para diferentes noctuidos plaga...
Genetically modified maize expressing insecticidal toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt maize) is a valuable tool for the control of insect pests. In the European Union (EU) the only cultivated Bt maize varieties are those derived from the transformation event MON 810. These varieties express the toxin Cry1Ab, which controls efficiently the primary pest Sesamia nonagrioides and is also effective against the secondary pest Mythimna unipuncta, both of which are noctuids. Most of the Bt maize cultivated in the EU is in Spain (around 91%), and more specifically in the Ebro Valley, where over 50% of all maize grown since 2007 is Bt. Resistance evolution is considered as the greatest threat for the long-term sustainability of Bt maize, so that areas where adoption of this technology is high and pest pressure is intense are under a higher risk of resistance development. In this context, the Ebro Valley has been considered as the only hotspot of resistance evolution in the EU. The high-dose/refuge (HDR) strategy applied in Spain is the most commonly adopted insect resistance management (IRM) plan to delay resistance development. This thesis has studied several factors associated with resistance development to Bt maize, with the aim of optimizing IRM strategies for noctuid pests of this crop...
Genetically modified maize expressing insecticidal toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt maize) is a valuable tool for the control of insect pests. In the European Union (EU) the only cultivated Bt maize varieties are those derived from the transformation event MON 810. These varieties express the toxin Cry1Ab, which controls efficiently the primary pest Sesamia nonagrioides and is also effective against the secondary pest Mythimna unipuncta, both of which are noctuids. Most of the Bt maize cultivated in the EU is in Spain (around 91%), and more specifically in the Ebro Valley, where over 50% of all maize grown since 2007 is Bt. Resistance evolution is considered as the greatest threat for the long-term sustainability of Bt maize, so that areas where adoption of this technology is high and pest pressure is intense are under a higher risk of resistance development. In this context, the Ebro Valley has been considered as the only hotspot of resistance evolution in the EU. The high-dose/refuge (HDR) strategy applied in Spain is the most commonly adopted insect resistance management (IRM) plan to delay resistance development. This thesis has studied several factors associated with resistance development to Bt maize, with the aim of optimizing IRM strategies for noctuid pests of this crop...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 23-10-2018