Publication: Síntomas del duelo complicado en cuidadores que han atendido a sus familiares enfermos de cuidados paliativos
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2019-07-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En las Unidades de cuidados paliativos (UCP), se contempla la atención integral de las necesidades de los pacientes y de sus seres queridos. Uno de los objetivos específicos planteados es: “ofrecer un sistema de soporte para ayudar a las familias a adaptarse durante la enfermedad de los pacientes y en el duelo”. En España las estrategias de cuidados paliativos, van en la línea de establecer coordinación con los diferentes sistemas de salud que garanticen la atención de los cuidadores. El duelo es la reacción emocional que se da ante una pérdida. Estas reacciones son universales, afectan a las diferentes dimensiones de la persona y suelen expresarse de forma diversa según la cultura en donde se desenvuelven. La complicación del proceso del duelo, conlleva unas series de manifestaciones clínicas que vulneran y comprometen la salud física y emocional de las personas, y por ello, requieren ser atendidas por profesionales especialistas que puedan aliviar su sufrimiento consecuente. En las últimas décadas se ha invertido mucho trabajo en la descripción de cuáles son los criterios que nos ayuden a diferenciar los duelos normativos de las complicaciones del mismo. Se ha propuesto, tras las evidencias encontradas en las investigaciones realizadas, una entidad clínica propia de los cuadros más complicados, diferenciada de otros trastornos psicológicos. Actualmente no hay un conceso a la hora de establecer los criterios diagnósticos que describan las formas más difíciles de elaboración. La prevención de los casos más complicados, es una línea trabajo que favorece mejorar la atención y el bienestar emocional de los dolientes, favorece la gestión y coordinación de los sistemas de salud que están implicados. Las unidades de paliativos son un entorno idóneo para poder realizar seguimientos de los dolientes, detectar sus posibles necesidades e intervenir y gestionar las dificultades presentes y así proporcionar una asistencia continuada, experta y de calidad. A pesar de que las directrices y objetivos de actuación en los planes de cuidados paliativos son claros, todavía los resultados no se han conseguido trasladar a la población. La investigación científica en esta área, es un factor clave en el apoyo y consecución de estos objetivos, hacia la prevención y actuación que potencien sus fines y resultados...
In a Palliative Care Unit (UCP in its Spanish acronym), the necessities of the patients and their loved ones are fully provided for. One of the specific goals is “to offer a support system to help families adapt during the course of a patient's illness and during the grieving process”. In Spain, the strategies of palliative care aim to coordinate between the different health systems which guarantee career attention. Grieving is the emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one. This reaction is universal, affects different dimensions of a person and is expressed in diverse ways according to the cultural surroundings. Complications in the grieving process lead to a series of clinical manifestations which compromise physical and emotional health and therefore require professional attention from specialists, who can alleviate the resulting suffering. In recent decades, much work has been invested in the description of the different criteria that allow us to differentiate normal grief from the complications of the same. After looking at the findings of the research carried out, the creation of a special clinical entity has been proposed for the most complicated symptoms, differentiated from other psychological disorders. There is currently no consensus when it comes to establishing diagnostic criteria to describe the most difficult processes. The prevention of the most complicated cases is a line of action that favors the improvement of the care and emotional wellbeing of the grievers and the management and coordination of the health care systems implicated. Palliative care units are an ideal environment for the monitoring of grievers, detecting their possible needs and intervening in and managing difficulties, therefore providing good-quality continuous expert care. Although the guidelines and action plans in palliative care plans are clear, the benefits have still not been passed on to the population. Scientific research in this area is a key factor in the support and carrying out of these objectives and is a drive towards prevention and updating, therefore improving its results...
In a Palliative Care Unit (UCP in its Spanish acronym), the necessities of the patients and their loved ones are fully provided for. One of the specific goals is “to offer a support system to help families adapt during the course of a patient's illness and during the grieving process”. In Spain, the strategies of palliative care aim to coordinate between the different health systems which guarantee career attention. Grieving is the emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one. This reaction is universal, affects different dimensions of a person and is expressed in diverse ways according to the cultural surroundings. Complications in the grieving process lead to a series of clinical manifestations which compromise physical and emotional health and therefore require professional attention from specialists, who can alleviate the resulting suffering. In recent decades, much work has been invested in the description of the different criteria that allow us to differentiate normal grief from the complications of the same. After looking at the findings of the research carried out, the creation of a special clinical entity has been proposed for the most complicated symptoms, differentiated from other psychological disorders. There is currently no consensus when it comes to establishing diagnostic criteria to describe the most difficult processes. The prevention of the most complicated cases is a line of action that favors the improvement of the care and emotional wellbeing of the grievers and the management and coordination of the health care systems implicated. Palliative care units are an ideal environment for the monitoring of grievers, detecting their possible needs and intervening in and managing difficulties, therefore providing good-quality continuous expert care. Although the guidelines and action plans in palliative care plans are clear, the benefits have still not been passed on to the population. Scientific research in this area is a key factor in the support and carrying out of these objectives and is a drive towards prevention and updating, therefore improving its results...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 22/02/2018