Publication: Nuevas mezclas multicomponente de sales fundidas para aplicaciones como fluidos de almacenamiento térmico en plantas de concentración solar
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2019-12-16
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La alta demanda de energía y su producción mediante la quema de combustible fósil, es uno de los factores responsables del cambio climático que está sufriendo el Planeta. Este hecho, ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar y optimizar las tecnologías renovables. Las plantas comerciales de concentración termosolar acopladas a sistemas de almacenamiento térmico, como la de “cilindro parabólico” es más atractiva que otras energías renovables por la capacidad de almacenamiento térmico, la cual es empleada cuando el recurso (sol) no está disponible. La tecnología de “cilindro parabólico”, emplea como fluido de captación del calor en los tubos absorbedores, un aceite orgánico que descompone a 390ºC, y mediante intercambiadores de calor, la energía es cedida al medio de almacenamiento. Actualmente, se emplea industrialmente la mezcla de sales fundidas inorgánicas 60%NaNO₃-40%KNO₃, (“Sal Solar”), con un punto de fusión de 227ºC y descomposición de ≈580ºC. Una configuración de captación y almacenamiento “directo” del calor, permitiría trabajar con el fluido hasta los 500ºC. Por este motivo, hay investigaciones en la búsqueda de nuevas sales fundidas inorgánicas con y sin nano-partículas, que mejoren las propiedades físico-químicas (calor específico, densidad, viscosidad, entre otras) y disminuyan el punto de fusión de la “Sal Solar”, manteniendo su estabilidad térmica, y sirvan como material de reemplazo del aceite térmico en los tubos para poder operar hasta 500ºC, reduciendo el LCoE...
The high demand for energy and its production through the burning of fossil fuel is one of the factors responsible for the impact of climate change on the Planet. This has revealed the need to develop and optimize renewable technologies. Commercial concentrated solar power plants along with thermal energy storage systems, such as “parabolic trough”, are more attractive than other renewable energies because of their thermal storage capacity, and are used when the resource (sun) is not available. The "parabolic trough" technology employs an organic oil as the heat transfer fluid in absorber tubes, that decomposes at 390°C. The energy collected is transferred to the storage tanks using heat exchangers. The industry currently uses a 60% NaNO₃-40% KNO₃ mixture of inorganic molten salts (“Solar Salt”), with a melting point of 227°C and decomposition of ≈580°C. A “direct” heat storage configuration would allow the fluid to be used at temperatures of up to 500°C. Therefore, research has been carried out in search of new inorganic molten salts with and without nanoparticles, which improve physical and chemical properties (specific heat, density, viscosity, among others) and decrease the melting point of the “Solar Salt”. The goal is to maintain thermal stability and to replace the oil in the tubes to enable operation at temperatures of up to 500ºC and reduce the LCoE...
The high demand for energy and its production through the burning of fossil fuel is one of the factors responsible for the impact of climate change on the Planet. This has revealed the need to develop and optimize renewable technologies. Commercial concentrated solar power plants along with thermal energy storage systems, such as “parabolic trough”, are more attractive than other renewable energies because of their thermal storage capacity, and are used when the resource (sun) is not available. The "parabolic trough" technology employs an organic oil as the heat transfer fluid in absorber tubes, that decomposes at 390°C. The energy collected is transferred to the storage tanks using heat exchangers. The industry currently uses a 60% NaNO₃-40% KNO₃ mixture of inorganic molten salts (“Solar Salt”), with a melting point of 227°C and decomposition of ≈580°C. A “direct” heat storage configuration would allow the fluid to be used at temperatures of up to 500°C. Therefore, research has been carried out in search of new inorganic molten salts with and without nanoparticles, which improve physical and chemical properties (specific heat, density, viscosity, among others) and decrease the melting point of the “Solar Salt”. The goal is to maintain thermal stability and to replace the oil in the tubes to enable operation at temperatures of up to 500ºC and reduce the LCoE...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, leída el 14/11/2019. Tesis retirada por expreso deseo del autor.