Publication: El mensaje informativo: del qué al cómo en la prensa árabe del norte de África y Europa meridional
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2021-06-07
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El origen de la prensa se remonta siglos atrás con la creación del papel en China en el año 105 d.C, la reproducción de libros redactados a mano en los monasterios europeos por los monjes copistas del siglo VIII al XII y finalmente la llegada de la imprenta a este mismo continente de la mano de Gutenberg en el 1440. Toda una serie de acontecimientos históricos que han favorecido en gran medida el desarrollo de la cultura y la educación sobre los cinco continentes. Contar con el arte de la escritura y disponer de un soporte físico en el que plasmar las ideas del ser humano ha abierto las puertas del conocimiento y la sabiduría a una sociedad humilde, ignorante y desinformada que ahora lee y es capaz de desarrollar su propia opinión y punto de vista sobre lo que ocurre a su alrededor. Las habladurías de los juglares y trovadores pasan a convertirse en datos e informes detallados sobre el papel. De este modo, se le otorga importancia a la objetividad y surgen las noticias.
Hoy en pleno siglo XXI se producen millones de hechos al día que pueden llegar a convertirse en noticias como tal y figurar en las primeras páginas de los periódicos. Como es de esperar, no todos los hechos se valoran de la misma manera, por lo que los medios son los encargados de proceder a esta selección en función de sus estrategias profesionales y de interés propio. Así pues, determinan qué hechos son considerados noticiosos y cuáles no, con el fin de mostrar a la sociedad el qué se dice y cómo se dice al mismo tiempo que favorecen el interés por determinados acontecimientos.
Ahora bien, en lo que respecta a la sección Internacional de estos diarios, el trato de las noticias varía sustancialmente. El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral titulada El mensaje informativo: del qué al cómo en la prensa árabe del norte de África y Europa meridional se basa en indagar en la historia periodística de ambas orillas del Mar Mediterráneo contando para ello con una serie de análisis comparativos de contenido y aportando teorías fehacientes que corroborarán o desmentirán la aplicación del objeto de estudio, a saber, la temida imagen preconcebida que tanto el bloque africano como el europeo reflejan el uno sobre el otro en la prensa. Por último, reproducir el sentido de la unidad y la conjunción como base principal para conseguir en la medida de lo posible que las desavenencias y choques que mantienen a los dos mundos separados en la actualidad por una simple frontera imaginaria, un día logren desaparecer por completo y los periódicos de todo el mundo dejen de acusar al “otro” como causante del dolor para empezar a enorgullecerse de poder pronunciar el “ellos dos juntos” como promovedores de la felicidad resultante de compenetraciones y acuerdos múltiples. Porque si los medios de comunicación condicionan el modo de actuar de las personas, es hora de que las personas condicionen el modo de actuar de estos medios de comunicación.
The origin of the press goes back centuries to the creation of paper in China in 105 AD, the replica of books written by hand in monasteries by the copyist monks in Europe during the VIII and XII century and finally, the arrival of the printing industry by Gutenberg in 1440 to the same continent. A number of historical events have deeply encouraged the development of culture and education all over the world. The art of writing and a physical support in which the ideas are expressed has opened the doors of knowledge and wisdom to a humble, ignorant and uninformed society. These are the people who now are able to read and create their own opinions and points of view about what is happening around them. Gossips from minstrels and troubadours become data and detailed reports made on paper. This progress gives importance to objectivity and evoques the emergence of news. Today, in the 21stcentury, millions of events susceptible of becoming news and appearing in newspapers´front covers take place everyday. As expected, not all the facts are valued in the same way, so media are responsable for proceeding with this selection, depending on their profesional strategies and self-interests. According to this, it can be determined what are news events and non news events, deciding what is said and how it is said while favoring the interest in current events. Regarding the international section of these newspapers, the news treatment varies substantially. The objective of this PhD entitled The Informative Message: from What to How in the Arab Press of North Africa and Southern Europe, pretends to shed light on journalistic history of both shores of the Mediterranean Sea by establishing a comparative analysis of content and providing reliable theories that will corrobórate or deny the application of the object of study, that is, the dreaded preconceived image that both blocks, the African and the European, have from eachother in the press. Finally, reproduce the esence of unity as the main basis of giving an end to the disagreements and clashes of these two worlds separated by a simple imaginary border. Newspapers from all over the world will stop acusing the “other" as the cause of pain and start feeling proud of pronouncing a “both together" as promoters of happiness, rapports and agreements. Because, if the media have always conditioned the way people act, now is time for us to condition the way they act.
The origin of the press goes back centuries to the creation of paper in China in 105 AD, the replica of books written by hand in monasteries by the copyist monks in Europe during the VIII and XII century and finally, the arrival of the printing industry by Gutenberg in 1440 to the same continent. A number of historical events have deeply encouraged the development of culture and education all over the world. The art of writing and a physical support in which the ideas are expressed has opened the doors of knowledge and wisdom to a humble, ignorant and uninformed society. These are the people who now are able to read and create their own opinions and points of view about what is happening around them. Gossips from minstrels and troubadours become data and detailed reports made on paper. This progress gives importance to objectivity and evoques the emergence of news. Today, in the 21stcentury, millions of events susceptible of becoming news and appearing in newspapers´front covers take place everyday. As expected, not all the facts are valued in the same way, so media are responsable for proceeding with this selection, depending on their profesional strategies and self-interests. According to this, it can be determined what are news events and non news events, deciding what is said and how it is said while favoring the interest in current events. Regarding the international section of these newspapers, the news treatment varies substantially. The objective of this PhD entitled The Informative Message: from What to How in the Arab Press of North Africa and Southern Europe, pretends to shed light on journalistic history of both shores of the Mediterranean Sea by establishing a comparative analysis of content and providing reliable theories that will corrobórate or deny the application of the object of study, that is, the dreaded preconceived image that both blocks, the African and the European, have from eachother in the press. Finally, reproduce the esence of unity as the main basis of giving an end to the disagreements and clashes of these two worlds separated by a simple imaginary border. Newspapers from all over the world will stop acusing the “other" as the cause of pain and start feeling proud of pronouncing a “both together" as promoters of happiness, rapports and agreements. Because, if the media have always conditioned the way people act, now is time for us to condition the way they act.
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Periodismo I, leída el 05/11/2020