Publication: La cooperación técnica internacional como instrumento de política exterior: el caso de Perú
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2021-07-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La arquitectura de la cooperación internacional ha cambiado en las últimas décadas: nuevos actores han emergido y nuevas modalidades se han impuesto. En este contexto, algunos de los países latinoamericanos, al haber sido catalogados como países de renta media, han visto disminuir los flujos de cooperación que usualmente llegaban a ellos. Solo algunos de estos países han sabido reinventar su rol dentro de la cooperación internacional y han dado un paso hacia adelante para convertirse también en oferentes en los proyectos de cooperación sur-sur y/o cooperación triangular.
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo general definir si la oferta de cooperación técnica para el desarrollo fue un instrumento de la política exterior peruana, entre los años 2006 y 2016. Además, se busca identificar los pilares de la política exterior peruana en dicho período; describir la evolución de la cooperación técnica para el desarrollo de Perú entre 2002 y 2016; y comparar la importancia de la cooperación técnica para el desarrollo en la política exterior de Perú y Chile. Se ha eligido a este país como referencia comparativa por la rivalidad histórica que existe entre ambos y por ser éste una referencia significativa en la región en términos de cooperación internacional.
Dada la naturaleza cualitativa de la investigación se optó por seguir una metodología descriptiva, analítica y comparativa. Los datos han sido recogidos especialmente de fuentes primarias (memorias, leyes, documentos estratégicos, entre otros) que han sido contrastadas con documentos análiticos de destacados autores.
Esta investigación muestra que Perú durante el periodo de análisis presentaba un sistema de cooperación internacional poco moderno, donde la labor de la Agencia Peruana de Cooperación Internacional (en adelante APCI) debe ser replanteada. Además, en la práctica, la cooperación peruana no se encuentraba alineada a los objetivos de su política exterior. En ese sentido, es necesario que Perú fortalezca su rol de oferente a fin de que la cooperación sea un instrumento de su política exterior.
Finalmente, son casi inexistentes los documentos académicos que analizan la cooperación peruana, de ahí la importancia de la presente investigación. Se espera que este documento sea el punto de partida para futuras investigaciones y que sea un insumo que ayude a repensar la cooperación y política exterior peruana.
The architecture of international cooperation has changed in recent decades: new actors have emerged and new modalities have been imposed. In this context, some of the Latin American countries, having been classified as middle-income countries, have seen the cooperation flows that usually reached them decrease. Only some of these countries have been able to reinvent their role in international cooperation and have taken a step forward to also become bidders in south-south and / or triangular cooperation projects. For this reason, the aim of this research is to define whether the offer of technical cooperation for development was an instrument of the peruvian foreign policy between 2006 and 2016. In addition, it seeks to identify the pillars of the peruvian foreign policy in that period; to describe the evolution of the technical cooperation for the development of Peru between 2002 and 2016; and to compare the importance of technical cooperation for development in the foreign policy of Peru and Chile. This country has been chosen as a comparative reference due to the historical rivalry that exists with Perú and because it is a significant reference in the region in terms of foreign aid. Given the qualitative nature of the research, it was decided to follow a descriptive, analytical and comparative methodology. The data has been collected from primary sources especially (memories, laws, strategic documents, among others) that have been contrasted with analytical documents by prominent authors. This research shows that Peru has a little modern international cooperation system, where the work of the Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation - APCI must be rethought. Furthermore, in practice, peruvian cooperation is not aligned with the objectives of its foreign policy. In this sense, it is necessary for Peru to strengthen its role as provider in order for cooperation to be an instrument of its foreign policy. Finally, there are almost no academic documents that analyze peruvian cooperation, hence the importance of this research. It is hoped that this document will be the starting point for future research and that it will be an input that will help rethink peruvian cooperation and foreign policy.
The architecture of international cooperation has changed in recent decades: new actors have emerged and new modalities have been imposed. In this context, some of the Latin American countries, having been classified as middle-income countries, have seen the cooperation flows that usually reached them decrease. Only some of these countries have been able to reinvent their role in international cooperation and have taken a step forward to also become bidders in south-south and / or triangular cooperation projects. For this reason, the aim of this research is to define whether the offer of technical cooperation for development was an instrument of the peruvian foreign policy between 2006 and 2016. In addition, it seeks to identify the pillars of the peruvian foreign policy in that period; to describe the evolution of the technical cooperation for the development of Peru between 2002 and 2016; and to compare the importance of technical cooperation for development in the foreign policy of Peru and Chile. This country has been chosen as a comparative reference due to the historical rivalry that exists with Perú and because it is a significant reference in the region in terms of foreign aid. Given the qualitative nature of the research, it was decided to follow a descriptive, analytical and comparative methodology. The data has been collected from primary sources especially (memories, laws, strategic documents, among others) that have been contrasted with analytical documents by prominent authors. This research shows that Peru has a little modern international cooperation system, where the work of the Peruvian Agency for International Cooperation - APCI must be rethought. Furthermore, in practice, peruvian cooperation is not aligned with the objectives of its foreign policy. In this sense, it is necessary for Peru to strengthen its role as provider in order for cooperation to be an instrument of its foreign policy. Finally, there are almost no academic documents that analyze peruvian cooperation, hence the importance of this research. It is hoped that this document will be the starting point for future research and that it will be an input that will help rethink peruvian cooperation and foreign policy.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Relaciones Internacionales, leída el 15/02/2021