Publication: Ecología y evolución de los plásmidos tipo ColE1 y su implicación en la resistencia a los antibióticos
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2021-08-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La resistencia a antibióticos es una de las mayores crisis sanitarias a las que se ha enfrentado la sociedad. El uso masivo con el que se han administrado estos medicamentos en medicina humana y veterinaria ha propiciado una selección y diseminación de bacterias multirresistentes que atenta contra la salud pública en todo el mundo. Parte de esta crisis se debe a la extraordinaria capacidad adaptativa que presentan las bacterias. Por un proceso denominado transferencia horizontal de genes (THG), una bacteria previamente sensible a la acción de un antibiótico puede desarrollar resistencias mediante la adquisición de material genético de otros microorganismos. Los plásmidos son los principales elementos genéticos móviles responsables de la diseminación de genes resistencias a antibióticos entre bacterias. Estos elementos muestran una prevalencia sorprendente en las poblaciones microbianas donde exhiben una enorme diversidad. La presente Tesis Doctoral se centra en el estudio de la familia de plásmidos tipo ColE1. Esta familia engloba plásmidos pequeños, multicopia, movilizables y de rango de hospedador estrecho, tradicionalmente asociados a Enterobacterales. El temprano descubrimiento de estos plásmidos y su naturaleza multicopia les ha convertido en los vectores más utilizados en la biología molecular moderna. No obstante, su estudio en aislados y poblaciones naturales ha sido ampliamente desatendido...
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major sanitary threats that society has ever faced. The massive use of these compounds in both human and veterinary medicine has led to the selection and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, threatening Public Health worldwide. Part of this crisis is caused by the extraordinary adaptability of bacteria. Through a process called Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT), bacteria previously sensitive to an antimicrobial are able to develop resistance by acquiring genetic material from other microorganisms.Plasmids are the main mobile genetic elements responsible for the dissemination of resistance genes between bacteria via HGT. These elements show a remarkable prevalence within microbial populations, where they exhibit a huge diversity. Among all, this PhD dissertation focus on the study of the ColE1-like plasmid family. This family includes small, multicopy and mobilizable plasmids, with a narrow host-range, traditionally associated to Enterobacterales. The early discovery of these plasmids, together with their multicopy nature, has turned them into the most used vectors in modern molecular biology. Notwithstanding, their study in wild-type isolates and populations has been largely neglected...
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major sanitary threats that society has ever faced. The massive use of these compounds in both human and veterinary medicine has led to the selection and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, threatening Public Health worldwide. Part of this crisis is caused by the extraordinary adaptability of bacteria. Through a process called Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT), bacteria previously sensitive to an antimicrobial are able to develop resistance by acquiring genetic material from other microorganisms.Plasmids are the main mobile genetic elements responsible for the dissemination of resistance genes between bacteria via HGT. These elements show a remarkable prevalence within microbial populations, where they exhibit a huge diversity. Among all, this PhD dissertation focus on the study of the ColE1-like plasmid family. This family includes small, multicopy and mobilizable plasmids, with a narrow host-range, traditionally associated to Enterobacterales. The early discovery of these plasmids, together with their multicopy nature, has turned them into the most used vectors in modern molecular biology. Notwithstanding, their study in wild-type isolates and populations has been largely neglected...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, leída el 24-06-2021