Publication: El fuego como agente tafonómico: análisis antropológico forense de marcas de corte relacionadas con el desmembramiento en restos óseos cremados
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2022-01-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Introducción: La antropología forense es un área de conocimiento vinculada a la medicina legal y a la antropología física que se encarga del estudio de los restos óseos sin identificar y de esclarecer las circunstancias que rodean el fallecimiento. Tanto el desmembramiento como la cremación son dos alteraciones tafonómicas que complican el examen antropológico y el análisis e interpretación de evidencias de traumatismo. Su impacto negativo por separado es conocido, pero se han realizado escasas investigaciones para estudiar los efectos de la exposición al fuego en las partes del cuerpo amputadas. Hipótesis y objetivos: El fuego afecta a la detección e interpretación del traumatismo cortante en casos de desmembramiento. Los objetivos concretos de esta tesis doctoral fueron: (1) Calcular la prevalencia de casos de desmembramiento en relación a los homicidios intencionales, y el número de casos en los cuales los restos desmembrados fueron alterados con fuego; (2) analizar la influencia de la alteración post-desmembramiento en la investigación antropológica; (3) desarrollar una guía visual y un diagrama de flujo para distinguir entre fracturas inducidas por el fuego y trauma cortante y (4) examinar su fiabilidad y repetibilidad; (5) calcular el porcentaje de supervivencia post-cremación de las marcas de corte realizadas y (6) explorar las variables que afectan a su supervivencia; (7) examinar la distorsión que el fuego inflige en la morfología, longitud, anchura y rugosidad de marcas de corte comparando las lesiones antes y después de la cremación; y (8) relacionar estas variaciones con cada tipo de instrumento...
Introduction: Forensic anthropology is a field of study associated with Legal Medicine and Physical Anthropology that analyses unidentified human remains and the circumstances surrounding death. Both dismemberment and cremation are two taphonomic alterations that complicate the anthropological examination and the analysis and interpretation of peri-mortem trauma. Their negative impact is suspected, considering the effects that these modifications have on a body separately, but scarce research has been done to study the effects of fire exposure on dismembered body parts.Hypothesis and objectives: Fire affects the detection and interpretation of sharp force trauma in dismemberment cases. The main objectives of this dissertation were: (1) To calculate the prevalence of dismemberment cases regarding the total number of cases of intentional homicide in Spain, and the number of cases in which the dismembered remains were afterwards altered with fire; (2) to analyse the influence of the post-dismemberment alteration in the anthropological examination; (3) to develop a visual guide and a flowchart to distinguish between heat-induced fractures and sharp force trauma and (4) to examine its validity and reliability; (5) to calculate the post-burning survival ratio of the inflicted cutmarks and (6) to explore the variables that affect its survival; (7) to measure the distortion that fire inflicts in the toolmarks morphology, length, width, and roughness before and after burning; and (8) to correlate the morphological and dimensional variations with each type of tool...
Introduction: Forensic anthropology is a field of study associated with Legal Medicine and Physical Anthropology that analyses unidentified human remains and the circumstances surrounding death. Both dismemberment and cremation are two taphonomic alterations that complicate the anthropological examination and the analysis and interpretation of peri-mortem trauma. Their negative impact is suspected, considering the effects that these modifications have on a body separately, but scarce research has been done to study the effects of fire exposure on dismembered body parts.Hypothesis and objectives: Fire affects the detection and interpretation of sharp force trauma in dismemberment cases. The main objectives of this dissertation were: (1) To calculate the prevalence of dismemberment cases regarding the total number of cases of intentional homicide in Spain, and the number of cases in which the dismembered remains were afterwards altered with fire; (2) to analyse the influence of the post-dismemberment alteration in the anthropological examination; (3) to develop a visual guide and a flowchart to distinguish between heat-induced fractures and sharp force trauma and (4) to examine its validity and reliability; (5) to calculate the post-burning survival ratio of the inflicted cutmarks and (6) to explore the variables that affect its survival; (7) to measure the distortion that fire inflicts in the toolmarks morphology, length, width, and roughness before and after burning; and (8) to correlate the morphological and dimensional variations with each type of tool...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 21-10-2021