Publication: El coleccionismo científico en Madrid en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII : las colecciones de palacio y las de Benavente-Osuna, infantado y marquesado de Santa Cruz
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2022-02-23
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII se produjo en España un coleccionismo científico particular que reflejó la influencia y el calado social que consiguieron los cambios en la metodología y maneras de abordar el conocimiento acerca del mundo natural desarrollados en los siglos precedentes. El nuevo método científico experimental que se fue difundiendo por toda Europa, como parte del profundo proceso de transformación cultural, política y social, supuso la independencia de la física respecto a la metafísica y limitó su campo de estudio al mundo inorgánico. El ejercicio de estas prácticas trajo consigo la creación y uso de una instrumentación específica, imprescindible para garantizar la validez y reproductibilidad de los hechos planteados, y que se convertiría en un complemento indispensable para su implantación y desarrollo. Pese a la existencia de numerosa bibliografía que ha abordado la importancia de la ciencia en nuestro país durante el periodo ilustrado, las referencias a estos gabinetes experimentales en el ámbito privado han sido siempre parciales y los datos, dispersos, existiendo un mayor estudio en aquellos conjuntos pertenecientes a las instituciones educativas. Por ello, el objetivo principal de esta tesis consiste en paliar la ausencia de estudios al respecto mediante la reconstrucción de algunos delos conjuntos más representativos de la época, estableciendo el contexto, la naturaleza y el uso de estas colecciones en el momento en el que surgieron, de innovación, desarrollo y consolidación científica...
During the second half of the 18th century, there was a particular scientific collecting in Spain that reflected the influence and social significance achieved by the changes in methodology and ways of approaching knowledge about the natural world developed in previous centuries. The new experimental scientific method that spread throughout Europe, as part of the profound process of cultural, political and social transformation, led to the independence of physics from metaphysics and limited its field of study to the inorganic world. The exercise of these practices brought with it the creation and use of a specific instrumentation, essential to guarantee the validity and reproducibility of the facts raised, and which would become an indispensable complement for their implementation and development. Despite the existence of numerous bibliography that has addressed the importance of science in our country during the illustrated period, the references to these experimental cabinets in the private sphere have always been partial and the data, scattered, with a greater study in those sets belonging to educational institutions. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to alleviate the absence of studies in this regard by reconstructing some of the most representative collections of the time, establishing their context, nature and use at the time in which arose, characterized of innovation, development and scientific consolidation...
During the second half of the 18th century, there was a particular scientific collecting in Spain that reflected the influence and social significance achieved by the changes in methodology and ways of approaching knowledge about the natural world developed in previous centuries. The new experimental scientific method that spread throughout Europe, as part of the profound process of cultural, political and social transformation, led to the independence of physics from metaphysics and limited its field of study to the inorganic world. The exercise of these practices brought with it the creation and use of a specific instrumentation, essential to guarantee the validity and reproducibility of the facts raised, and which would become an indispensable complement for their implementation and development. Despite the existence of numerous bibliography that has addressed the importance of science in our country during the illustrated period, the references to these experimental cabinets in the private sphere have always been partial and the data, scattered, with a greater study in those sets belonging to educational institutions. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to alleviate the absence of studies in this regard by reconstructing some of the most representative collections of the time, establishing their context, nature and use at the time in which arose, characterized of innovation, development and scientific consolidation...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 14-12-2021